Love - Law-Copyrights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Love - Law-Copyrights - Essay Example The law was later reviewed to include even works found in the cyberspace (Smith 2007). This law can therefore be used to charge Maruta. If Maruta is found guilty of copyright infringement, he may have to pay damages of over $250,000. This is the minimum damages paid in case the law against copyrighting is infringed. This may however vary depending on the duration of copyright and the average number of copies sold. If they are found to be high, then the damages will increase and may go up to millions of dollars to be paid to the owner of the copyrighted material. The second scenario cannot go to court and be charged with copyright infringement since he used the copied material to teach students. This is allowed in the Copyright Act section 106 which allows fair use of the copyrighted material in different situations and teaching is one of the situations. This therefore means that Maruta in this scenario was not acting against the law and hence cannot be charged or even be required to pay damages. The increase in internet connectivity and cyberspace expansion has led to an increase in the copyright infringement. Many cases are being presented in courts of copyright infringement. This has also led to a lot of money being spent by guilty individuals to pay the literary works owners’ damages for the infringement. One such case took place in Minneapolis in June 2009. This was a case where the defendant Jammie Thomas-Rasset was found guilty on copyright infringement by the court for illegally sharing over 1700 songs all which amounted to over $80,000 (Sandoval June, 2009). The case was filed by the Recording Industry Association of America in 2007 for the 1700 songs copyrighted. They later however cut down that number to only 24 songs. The court ordered Jammie to pay damages to the recording company amounting to $1.92 million. This was because of the strict copyright infringement

Difference between poems Essay Example for Free

Difference between poems Essay Both poems are a response to other peoples idea of the poets cultural identities. The poems are written as though the poet is replying to some one directly. Half-Cast is about a multi cultural person who is standing up against racism and against people look down upon them because of their ethnicity. John Agard is arguing with the person who is being racist to him by questioning if Half-Cast means he is half a man. Still I rise is about a woman, Maya Angelou who has had a traumatic personal and cultural history but still she rises above it. She has had to face racial and sexual prejudice, but she still stands strong. In Half-Cast John Agard opens the poem with a polite but angry request. This opening is only an angry one because of the following lines. Excuse me; standing on one leg, I am half-cast This sarcasm is showing that he is trying to be nice but is annoyed about it. The first line is very polite but immediately after the poet is acquiring the reader of suggesting he is half a man by using the words half-caste. He uses informal language throughout the poem, the language is also written in john Agards dialect. It makes you say the words how it sounds. This could be the poet celebrating his culture. Explain yuself, Wha yu mean This also makes you as the reader feel the anger, annoyance and sadness through the Agards tone. The structure of the poem is simple but effective by using a three line opening two quite large stanzas then closes with three lines. One poetic technique he uses in each stanza is repetition of his points. Explain yuself, Wha yu mean This is repeated also so that Agard could give his reasons for being insulted and emphasises his argument. In each stanza he uses comparisons; When yu say half-caste, Yu mean Tchaikovsky, Sit down at dah piano, an mix a black key Wid a white key, Is a half-caste symphony. This is questioning it Tchaikovskys music should be seen as inferior because he mixed black and white notes. The poem is well structured and the language is perfectly composed. I have keep using this quote as it very strong and uses a lot of poetic techniques. Explain yu self, Wha yu mean. The comparisons are very good because you can understand and relate to his point as he compares his situation using metaphors. Still I rise, it is set out in 8 stanzas, and in which 7 out of 8 are all the same lengths except the eighth as it is the last stanza and is the climax of the poem. The language she uses is mostly formal but it very up beat. You may kill me, but she is not bothered. In some stanzas it seems as she is mocking the person/people who are putting her down; like they are pathetic. Does my sexiness upset you the word sexiness in this context does not only imply that she is beautiful and believes that she is, but that she feels proud of her culture, which makes her confident. Maya uses many techniques in her writing such as through out the poem she uses rhetorical questions. Did you want to see me broken? These questions force the reader to think and imagine about there own views on racism and what it would be like to be in her shoes. She also uses personification; You may kill me with your hatefulness. This is effective because kill me is a very strong phrase and keeps creating the image of her arriving back at her town after the sager. Throughout the poem she has used a rhyming pattern of every first and last lines this is successful as it builds a flowing structure to the poem. The poet uses repetition to emphasise her point Out of the hut of historys shame I rise Up from a. I rise. This shows that once again she has risen above it. Historys shame this is a direct reference to the struggles faced by her ancestors in her cultural history. I think that Mayas technique clearly puts her point across and the last stanza finishes the poem with a strong phrase of I rise, I rise, I rise, I rise presenting that life is hard but what ever it throws at you, you shall rise above it. In each of the poems Maya Angelou and John Agard use repetition which emphasises their subliminal messages in the poem. John Agard gets quite defensive and angry, whereas Maya Angelou although angry and annoyed she stays calms and rises above it. I think the message of the two poems is that even when we are faced with prejudice and discrimination we can be the better people by not complying with it. I also believe the most effective techniques used to present their opinions of their cultures and peoples perception of them were repetition, similes and rhetorical questions; this created the tense moments that draw the reader in to go on and finish the poem.

Hidden Meaning of Shakespeares Othello :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

The play Othello is a tale of jealousy, revenge, and deception. Iago, a disgruntled military officer, in a quest for revenge against Othello, lies, cheats, and bullys everyone around in order to get what he wants. He uses Roderigo, Brabantio, and just about every other character in the play to attain his goal of ruining Othello. This summary is what the play might seem like to the unseeing eye, but to the indepth and trained reader there is more to the story then first appears. To truly understand Othello, or any play for that matter, you have to think about what happened before the play that brought about the situations you read. You have to think about the relationships that existed betweeen all the characters. You have to imagine Roderigos passion for Desdemona, picture Brabantios contempt for Othello, envision the jealousy and distrust that existed between Desdemona and Othello before Iago arrived on the scene. All of those factors were there before Iago put his scheme into action, he didnÕt create the natural tension between all the players. He merely made all of those already dangerous relationships fatal. IÕm not saying that Iago was not at fault in Othello, IÕm just saying that he didnÕt create the scenario, he just ignited it. One of the main factors in Othello is Roderigo, Iagos half witted right hand man. Roderigo is the person who supplies Iago with money, and is also the person who at the end of the book tries to murder Cassio. The reason that he tries to murder Cassio is because Iago convinces him that Cassio is Desdemonas adulterous lover. The reason this angers Roderigo to the point of murder is because he is in love with Desdemona. His desperate and imagined passion for Othellos wife is what ultimately drives him to kill another human being. It may seem at first that Iago made him act how he acted, but his motivation was actually his love for Desdemona. Iago did not ceate Roderigos love for Desdemona, he merely channeled it. You learn of Roderigos love for Desdemona in the first act of the first scene, when Brabantio(Desdemonas father) sees Roderigo outside of his window. The worser welcome. I have charged thee not to haunt about my doors. In honest plainness thou hast heard me say My daughter is not for thee.

GLOBALIZATION AT GENERAL ELECTRIC Essay

1.Why do you think GE has invested so aggressively in foreign expansion? What opportunities is it trying to exploit? ïÆ'ËœI think GE acted so aggressively because they saw a great opportunity to expand the company and if they didn’t do so, another company would have grabbed the opportunity and purchase the companies that were in trouble. In order for a company to grow at a rapid pace, it would have to take over other companies that are in financial jeopardy. Going international allowed the company to reach millions of new customers. ïÆ'ËœThe opportunities that they are trying to exploit are (1) the economic weakness in certain parts of the world with the aim of investing to the region, but in fact to acquiring companies, (1) to take advantage of economic uncertainty caused by the currency market collapse for the aim of purchasing or acquiring companies, (3) to help in process of development in under develop areas with the aim of profiting from it later 2.What is GE trying to achieve by moving some of the headquarters of its global businesses to foreign locations? How might such moves benefit the company? Do these moves benefit the Unites States? ïÆ'Ëœ GE strongly believes that to succeed internationally, it must be close to its customers. That’s why it builds or transfers its headquarters abroad. ïÆ'Ëœ The company might benefit from more attractive location, Tax advantages, Lower wages, well-educated labor force, Costs reduction, Industry of specialization, Foreign government invitation, Good infrastructure. ïÆ'ËœThe USA can benefit from good reputation of American companies, can establish diplomatic relationship with foreign counties, there might be a potential influence on Gross National Product (GNP). 3.What is the goal behind trying to â€Å"internationalize† these ranks? What do you think it means to â€Å"internationalize† these ranks? ïÆ'ËœThe goal behind internationalization is to get closer to its customers and have better knowledge of the local market, local culture and language of the country that they are doing business. ïÆ'ËœInternationalize is the integration of the local market knowledge and application of cultural sensitivity approach through engaging their local managers in the managerial decision-making process. 4.What does the GE example tell you about the nature of true global business? ïÆ'ËœGE’s example tells us that the true global business is a business that is headquartered locally (in overseas) for the aim of getting closer to its customers. It exploits their local market knowledge as well as their local culture and language knowledge.

Education in America Essay

Delprà ¸ve 1A) 1. Normally students look forward to go back to school after the summer holidays. There’s missing ing-form in go. It should be going back to school. 2. According to Michelle Obama is education important when you want to plan your own career. Is and education are misplaced and should be swapped. 3. President Obama, which wife has now joined his efforts to improve education, wants the US to have the highest percentage of college graduates by 2020. Which is referred to an object, and therefore which has to be replaced with whose. These are the so called relative pronouns. 4. How much you earn throughout life depends large on your success in school and your education. Large has to be replaced with much. Large is an adjective. 5. A high proportion of American students earn a bachelors degree. The apostrophe is placed before the s to show singular possession. Bachelor’s. 6. The US universities should could help turn around the situation. There are two verbs next to each other, and could should be erased. 7. A low standard of education will result in that American companies cannot compete globally. 8. There was many good points in the speech made by the First Lady. Was should be replaced with were, because many is plural. Delprà ¸ve 1B) 1. The First Lady told the students about Princeton. The students were told about Princeton by the First Lady. 2. The goals of the program reflect the First Lady’s own life. The goals of the program are reflected by the First Lady’s own life. 3. Employers have hired more than 700,000 bachelor’s holders. More than 700.000 bachelor’s holders were hired by Employers. 4. Teachers and educators will assist Obama in achieving his 2020 plan. Obama will be assisted by teachers and educators in achieving his 2020 plan. Delprà ¸ve 1C) I hver af nedenstà ¥ende sà ¦tninger er der understreget forskellige pronomener (stedord). Forklar i hvert enkelt tilfà ¦lde, hvorfor netop dette pronomen (stedord) er valgt. 1. JPMorgan Chase employs nearly 270,000 people, each of whom plays an important role in the success of the firm. â€Å"Whom† is used because it’s referring to the object of a verb. It would for example be wrong to be saying each of they, and not each of them. 2. This is an issue of vital economic importance, and it has clear ramifications for employers who could find it increasingly difficult to access talent in the coming years. Employers are humans and therefore are subjects, which is the reason who is used. 3. Fortunately, there are companies that understand this reality and realize that they are well-positioned to make a difference on this issue by working with nonprofits, policymakers, and other partners. Omitting that would lead to misunderstanding, but both using or omitting it would be correct, but understand should be edited to understanding if to omit that. 4. But she has also been derided by critics who hoped she would use her historic position to move more deeply into policy. â€Å"Critics† is not a living thing and can therefore not be referred to who, and should be replaced by which. 5. Hopefully, the 2020 plan will give opportunities which will benefit young students. â€Å"Which† is used because â€Å"opportunities† is not a living thing. 6. Apparently, too many people who enroll at university fail to graduate which pushes down the graduation rate. The graduation rate is not a living thing, therefore â€Å"which† is used. Delprà ¸ve 1D) Delprà ¸ve 1d Du vil gerne sà ¸ge optagelse pà ¥ California State University for at studere International Business Communication. Du skriver derfor en e-mail til universitetet for at hà ¸re om optagelseskrav, pensum, undervisningsafgifter samt indkvarteringsmuligheder. Skriv e-mailen pà ¥ engelsk og brug alle de nedenstà ¥ende ord og vendinger. Ordene/vendingerne skal bruges som de stà ¥r, men du mà ¥ gerne à ¦ndre pà ¥ rà ¦kkefà ¸lgen og skrive dem med stort begyndelsesbogstav. I din besvarelse skal du understrege de anvendte ord og vendinger. Omfang: 50-100 ord admission, please, campus, information, tuition fee, in addition, look forward to, accommodation Mathias Kjà ¦rgaard California State University International Business Communication Long Beach, 90840 Dear California State University I would like to apply for admission at the campus. In addition to that I’d like to receive some information about the tuition fee and generally about the campus and furthermore how the accommodation will be handled. I look forward to hearing from you! Yours sincerely Mathias Delprà ¸ve 2) Education in America 1 â€Å"Once upon a time, American students tested better than any other students in the world† as it says in Newsweek March 6, 2010. What’s the current scenario? The educational system in America is outdated. The elementary and high schools have suffered from a serious decline in the graduation level. This is something the government at most certain point cannot overlook. Not to mention the children’s future are at risk but America’s future is at stake. How important is the American education? First of all the future of America basically lies in the American educations hands. In the 1970’s only one quarter of jobs required more than a high school education. Yet, two out of three jobs require at least a post-scenario education. This means that without a great education system the unemployment rate will drop, which we already are seeing in age group of 18-31 year old. There are numerous factors that will have to be taken care of, to ensuring a safe and sound future in America. â€Å"I’m here today because I want you to know that my story can be your story† says Michelle Obama at Bell Multicultural High School in Washington. â€Å"The details might be a little different, but so many of the challenges and triumphs will be just the same.† Michelle is so to speak helping, or at least trying to help the American education, and she is starting a new initiative for whom, whose families has a low income and  pursue a college degree, and therefore this initiative seek to increase the number. But the issue cannot be fixed by a small initiative, something has to be done, which JPMorgan Chase and other corporations and philanthropic funders are proud in the Aspen Institute’s Opportunity Youth Incentive Fund, which is a funding collaboration that addresses the workforce skills gap in 21 communities around the country by enlisting the collective expertise of a disparate group of numerous partners including the earlier mentioned. This is an opportunity to help the students complete the education they want and not end up somewhere their skills are not acquired. Even though this collaboration is a great idea, and at most definitely will help the American students to find out what they’re best at and furthermore find and maintain stable employment, this will not at once fix the educational problem in America. â€Å"These are big, complex challenges. And I believe that our elected leaders, business leaders and community leaders need to remain focused on making sure our young people are prepared to help America continue to lead in a complex global economy.† Along with this, the American schools are failing, because they are suppressing children by forcing them into a compliance-based model of education. As said, all children are natural learners and we’re born with curiosity, creativity, wonder, and intrinsic motivation. American schools are failing, because they are suppressing children by fo rcing them into a compliance-based model of education. All children are natural learners. We’re born with curiosity, creativity, wonder, and intrinsic motivation. Research shows that with more years of formal schooling, those very qualities are stunted tremendously. Moreover, schools resemble prisons to a lot of the children, where they feel cut from society and the social media is banned. If we’re looking at the government, reform movements in education tend to focus on a â€Å"one-size fits it all† approach in attempting to solve educational inequity issues. While universalizing core standards and curriculum does carry some utility in leveling the playing field, it is important to keep in mind that it is not the magic silver bullet that will remedy achievement gaps alone. To accompany this movement, certain factors must be met.2 Support for underachieving students and their teachers Professional development promoting differentiated instruction for diverse  groups of learners, and efforts towards building learning communities for teachers, school leaders, and administrators to encourage teamwork and shared responsibility A school system should be a community of teachers, school leaders and the administration who share a goal of supporting and encouraging each and every one of its students. For this system to work, components of a â€Å"dream community† need to be as a prerequisite. It will work with all the members of the community contributing and caring about the development of the youth. The dream scenario would be where the teachers would care so much about their students, to help their future. But this is just a dream scenario and can only be fixed by the school and the teachers themselves. Another way to fix the issue is to let congresses like No Child Left Behind3 allow for the abolition of Race to the top4. A council of education stakeholders should be arranged to craft national guidelines of the basics for what children should know for this day and age. Furthermore schools should adopt learner-centered policies where children take full agency over their learning-experiences. Then have a curriculum that is anti-disciplinary and aimed at real world problems. Not to forget the topic, the results of these aforementioned scenarios are positive, but have different modes of operation. The dream school example will affect the economy by raising the graduation rate tremendously positive, and there will be a high number of high-educated students who are ready to find employment. But there will be factors against this scenario too, which includes the low-end required jobs not being chosen as first priority, due to its lower educational requirements which, for some people is no t â€Å"prestigious† enough, will have an increasingly unemployment rate. The second way to fix the education is a very appealing and strong scenario, and I believe that it could help the future education, especially when the children have something to say themselves, where they can contribute to a greater total thing, where the teachers can learn from the students too. Guidelines for the children are also very important, because America as society and country is become a rather hard and competitive place to live, if you are to find employment. At last we can conclude that there are a lot of different ways to fix the problem, but none of them can alone change and save the issue. I find the suggestions I gave competitive and rather complex, although they will not entirely fix the issue.

Free Essays on Plato And Aristotle On Women And Society

In The Politics, Aristotle devotes much of the text to criticizing many of Plato’s views contained in Republic. These criticisms range from the over-unified state to the perpetual happiness of Plato’s farming and merchant class including every notion of Plato’s in between. However, Plato did not right Republic to tell the ancient world what government should be like. He wrote it to say something about morality and goodness. As with many readers of Republic, Aristotle misunderstands the nature and purpose of Plato’s text. To the reader, many of Plato’s ideas appear radical and rather unorthodox and even contradicting, and are quite obviously satirical. When one reads Republic in this way, he or she may be accustomed to ignoring Plato’s messages. Sure, Plato was attempting a stab at humor, however, that does necessarily imply all of his ideas with respect to community structure are necessarily bad or wrong. A clear example of this is women’s role in the community. Plato, of course, proposes that women, while being inferior to men, shall still participate in the same professions and activities that men do. This sentiment is further supported by ideas proposed in The Laws. Furthermore, this consistency further supports his seemingly radical and wacky arguments in Republic. Aristotle of course finds this course of thought ridiculous. He undoubtedly has no problem agreeing with Plato’s comments that men are physically stronger and altogether by nature superior to women. The problem here lies in that, like men, each woman has a purpose and a job they are best suited for in life. Aristotle, though the majority of his ideas are sound, is incorrect in his dispositions on women, because, as Plato implies, the diversity offered by an equal share in the state between the sexes creates a stronger body. Plato’s most apt pupil, Aristotle, while agreeing with his master that women are by nature inferior to men, disa... Free Essays on Plato And Aristotle On Women And Society Free Essays on Plato And Aristotle On Women And Society In The Politics, Aristotle devotes much of the text to criticizing many of Plato’s views contained in Republic. These criticisms range from the over-unified state to the perpetual happiness of Plato’s farming and merchant class including every notion of Plato’s in between. However, Plato did not right Republic to tell the ancient world what government should be like. He wrote it to say something about morality and goodness. As with many readers of Republic, Aristotle misunderstands the nature and purpose of Plato’s text. To the reader, many of Plato’s ideas appear radical and rather unorthodox and even contradicting, and are quite obviously satirical. When one reads Republic in this way, he or she may be accustomed to ignoring Plato’s messages. Sure, Plato was attempting a stab at humor, however, that does necessarily imply all of his ideas with respect to community structure are necessarily bad or wrong. A clear example of this is women’s role in the community. Plato, of course, proposes that women, while being inferior to men, shall still participate in the same professions and activities that men do. This sentiment is further supported by ideas proposed in The Laws. Furthermore, this consistency further supports his seemingly radical and wacky arguments in Republic. Aristotle of course finds this course of thought ridiculous. He undoubtedly has no problem agreeing with Plato’s comments that men are physically stronger and altogether by nature superior to women. The problem here lies in that, like men, each woman has a purpose and a job they are best suited for in life. Aristotle, though the majority of his ideas are sound, is incorrect in his dispositions on women, because, as Plato implies, the diversity offered by an equal share in the state between the sexes creates a stronger body. Plato’s most apt pupil, Aristotle, while agreeing with his master that women are by nature inferior to men, disa...

Black Boy essays

Black Boy essays Black Boy, Richard Wright's autobiography, covers his childhood and early adulthood. It opens with four-year-old Richard's rebellion against authority. At the time, Richard was restless and resentful of his mother's demand of silence. Richard accidentally burned down his grandparents' house in his attempt to find something to occupy his time. After his mother determined that he was unharmed, she beat him so badly he lost consciousness. When Richard and his brother were very young, Nathan Wright, their father, abandoned the family, plunging them into poverty. Richard's constant hunger made him extremely bitter toward his absent father. Over the next few years, Ella, Richard's mother, would try very hard to feed, clothe, and shelter her children. Her long hours of work often meant leaving her children with little supervision. When Richard was six years old, he began begging drinks in a nearby saloon where the customers plied him with nickels if he would repeat various curse words and offensive phrases. When beatings did little in breaking her sons growing obsession with alcohol, Ella got the babysitting services of an older black woman in the neighborhood. Ella moved in with her sister, Maggie, and Maggie's husband, Silas Hoskins. Hoskins was the owner of a successful saloon, so there was always more than enough food to eat. Nevertheless, Richard was unable to lose the fear that his hunger would return anew, so he hoarded food all over the house. Unfortunately, the newfound stability did not last . The local whites were jealous of Hoskins's profitable business, so they murdered him and threatened to kill the rest of his family. Maggie and Ella fled with the two boys to live in another town. Maggie and Ella's combined wages proved adequate to feed and clothe Richard and his brother, but Maggie became involved with "Professor" Matthews, a wanted man. Ella and the children fled to the North after Matthews killed a white woman; Ella...

How to Use the German Personal Pronoun Es

How to Use the German Personal Pronoun Es The German personal pronoun es is the English equivalent of it and has similar functions. It is mostly a substitute for a noun and can: Act as a subject, therefore be in the nominative case.As a subject es can be placed either before or after the verb.Es donnert in der Ferne - It is thundering in the distance.In der Ferne donnert es.Act as an object, therefore be in the accusative case.Its position can sometimes be changed, either after the verb or after the subject.Das Fernsehen ist kaputt. Ich werde es morgen reparieren - The t.v. is broken. I will fix it tomorrow.Morgen werde ich es reparieren.But not changeable with the following sentence:Das Kind weint. Ich beruhige es - The child is crying. Im consoling him/her. See Personal Pronoun Chart for a listing of es in all cases. Es is used in daily conversation such as when describing the weather or stating the time. Es ​however, is used more often in German. Also, not only can the position of es be changed, it can even be eliminated, depending on its function.See the following functions of es, take note of the similarities with English, learn the differences and then practice with this exercise. Es Functions Similar To English: When describing the weather.Es schneit heute - It is snowing.Es hagelt sehr viel - It is hailing a lot.When describing time.Wie spt ist es? What time is it?Es ist viertel vor acht - It is a quarter to eight.When describing things.Es ist weich - It is soft.Es schmeckt gut - It tastes good.Describing smells/dynamics of noises.Es stinkt hier - It stinks here.Es duftet schà ¶n - It smells nice.Es ist laut - It is loud.Es ist sehr still jetzt - It is very still/quiet now.However more specific noise descriptions usually cant be translated with it, such as:Es rauscht draußen - Theres a rustling outside.Um Mitternacht gibt es immer ein Klopfen an meiner Tà ¼r - At midnight, there is always a knocking at my door.To introduce a general remark/statement:Es ist schwierig heutzutage Arbeit zu finden - It is difficult nowadays to find work.Es ist wichtig organisiert zu sein - It is important to be organized.Es stà ¶rt mich - It disturbs me.To introduce a subsequent subordinate clause:Ich f inde es schrecklich, dass sie nicht essen will - I find it awful that she does not want to eat.However, when that same clause is placed at the beginning of the sentence, es will no longer be used: Dass sie nicht essen will, finde ich schrecklich.

Power, Ethnicity and Sexuality in Kehinde and A Distant Shore Essay

Power, Ethnicity and Sexuality in Kehinde and A Distant Shore - Essay Example The essay compares two novels written in the backdrop of immigration of Africans towards England and their efforts to settle down in the English society. The novel A Distant Shore has been written by a British writer and novelist with Caribbean background2 Carly Phillips in 2003. The other novel is Kehinde penned by an African novelist 3Dr. Buchi Emecheta in 1994. Both of these novels depict the themes of displacement, ethnicity and power. There writings are focused upon the tales of the people striving to adjust in the England after facing harsh circumstances at their home town. The novel A Distant Shore deals with the complex changes occurred within the socio-political system of England over the course of time4. There are several themes depicted within the story told in the novel however, the themes of ethnicity, displacement and power dominate the story. As the story progresses the theme of ethnicity and power starts dominating the tale of African immigrant Solomon and female midd le age piano teacher Dorothy. The two main characters of the story developed friendly relationship that was not accepted in the society and eventually Solomon was killed to end their friendship5. The novel depicts the role of powerful racist groups in the English society and shows how lives of people from minority ethnic groups are threaten by the powerful and dominating racial groups.

Rooms Division Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Rooms Division - Assignment Example The front office sells guestrooms, register guests, and assign guestrooms among other duties. Housekeeping department on the other hand is responsible for the cleanliness, appearance, and condition of the entire hotel. This includes the public areas. It is the largest department in terms of number of people employed. It is the goal of every business enterprise to maximize profits McDonald (1993). Revenue management encompasses the maximization of the total revenue of a hotel. Yield management concentrates on the revenue maximization of accommodation, such as guest rooms, meeting and convention rooms or restaurant space This is the process of understanding, anticipating and influencing the consumer behavior as a way of maximizing profits from fixed or perishable resources such as hotel reservations (www.hotelmule.com/yieldmanagement). Hotels need to sell the right product to the right customer at the right time for the right price (www.wikipedia.org)There is three revenue management methods for measuring the yield management namely: This technique is used to estimate based on history, expectations, trends or experience of an activity over a certain period of time. Forecasting room availability is forecasting the number of rooms available for sale on any future date (www.hotelmule.com/forecasting). It helps manage the reservation process, guides the front office staff for an effective room’s management, and can be used as an occupancy forecast, which is further, useful in attempting to schedule the necessary number of employees for an expected volume of business. Models include; statistical and judgmental. Statistical models include; trend projection, seasonal and smoothing while judgmental include; expert opinion, market surveys and Delphi technique. Moving Average method-Similar to the â€Å"percentage growth method†, the moving average method assumes an increasing or decreasing trend. This technique is aimed at smoothing

Cast versus forged engine pistons Research Paper

Cast versus forged engine pistons - Research Paper Example Centrifugal casting has been used for the production of cylindrical parts since time immemorial. The two types of machines used to achieve these are broadly classified as horizontal and vertical types. The horizontal ones are named so because they usually rotate around a horizontal axis while the vertical ones rotate around a vertical one. The horizontal machines are typically used to make pistons and other castings that are simple in shape. The vertical machines are best suited for making castings that are not regular in shape (Soares, 22). The importance of pistons can not be bargained. In a typical engine, pistons are used in order to convert the thermal energy into mechanical energy. Pistons are used to convey the gas forces through the linking rods to the crank shaft. They are also used in order to seal off the combustion part against the possible gas leaks in the crankcase. In addition to preventing leakages, they also help to avert any possible infiltration of oil that might e manate from the crankcase into the combustion part of the system. Last but not least, pistons are used to release the heat absorbed as a result of the combustion thereby assisting in the function of the cooling oil. The pros and cons As we have observed, aluminium is a preferred material in pistons, whether one is using casting or forging. Aluminium has a high thermal conductivity which makes it a very ideal material for the job. The modern gasoline as well as diesel engines have created a need for the creation of pistons that are lighter in weight but at the same time that have a greater capacity of thermal load. This has been made possible due to the novel designs through the use of innovative coating technologies. Pistons are usually exposed to very robust conditions. The mechanical load that the pistons have to handle comes from the very high pressure in the combustion part. The pressure typically goes up to 200 bars. Another source of mechanical load is the extreme force of ine rtia. This is as a result of heightened acceleration of reciprocating motion pistons (Soares, 27). Pistons can either be produced from cast or from forged aluminium alloys. There are different types of alloys that are used in the casting or forging of pistons. The first type is the standard piston alloy. It is an eutectic Al-12% Si alloy. On average, it has at least one percent each of Cu, Mg and Ni. In order to meet the demands of the current modern engines, there have been special eutectic alloys developed in order to achieve better resistance to extreme conditions. The hypereutectic alloys typically have eighteen and twenty four percent of Si. They come with the advantage of lower thermal expansion but they have the disadvantage of lower strength. Developers of pistons usually have their own customizations in order to fit the different unique requirements but they are generally based on these underlying principles. Most of the pistons on the market are developed using the gravity die casting technique. One important advantage of casting is that the optimized alloys in conjuction with the controlled environemtn of production make the development of the pistons that are low in weight possible (Soares, 23). Forged pistons however, win over their casted counterparts when it comes to withstanding higher pressure. The forged

Low Phonemic Awareness Skills Among Disadvantaged Families Dissertation

Low Phonemic Awareness Skills Among Disadvantaged Families - Dissertation Example Empirical research into language use shows that there exists a wide gap between language use among children from well up families and those from economically disadvantaged families. Most children from disadvantaged families have low phonemic skill awareness compared to those from well up families. The purpose of this research is to identify ways in which the problem of phonemic awareness among children from poor background. The research will use a sample of 50 students from whom phonemic awareness skills will be evaluated. To provide credible conclusions and recommendations, this research will take a quantitative approach. Previous Research Phonemic awareness is a topic that has garnered a lot of attention among researchers in the recent past, owing to the persistent language problem that has indicated phonemic awareness weakness among many students in institutions. Dickinson and McCabe (2004) researched on the existence of phonological problems among children with a bilingual orient ation. The deduction of this statistical survey is that there indeed exist numerous factors that contribute to weakness in language among these students. Among these factors, Dickinson and McCabe (2004) identified that the standards of living played a key role in determining the success of language learning among children. Although this research was not directly designed on measurement of poverty levels, it was possible to outline the link between educated parents and a better economic social status (Koutsoftas, Harmon & Gray, 2009). The major conclusion of this research was that children who were fostered by learned parents had a better phonemic expression. Nichols et al (2004) found that Latino children and children from low socioeconomic backgrounds are more likely to fail to develop phonemic awareness and concepts in print owing to the fact that they lack preschool experience, causing them to lag behind when compared to children from different ethnicities and better socioeconomi c backgrounds. Latino children are at risk because English is not their first language meaning that they will categorize phonemes in their primary language as that is how their linguistic minds are programmed. Children from these categories are seen to either lack the prior knowledge or misunderstand the instructional discourse, along with the language of the text and teacher, resulting in delayed acquisition of crucial concepts that are in print (McGee & Ukrainetz, 2009). Notably also, findings from this study indicated that gender was not linked to development of phonemic awareness. These students require instructional intervention that looks into their needs and in a broader perspective. McDowell et al (2007) found that children, who undergo early reading challenges, receive less practice than other children, miss opportunities to develop reading comprehension strategies and are likely to have a negative attitude towards reading. Callaghan and Madeleine (2012) attributed the diff erence in phonemic awareness between children from low socio-economic backgrounds and their peers from high or middle socio-economic backgrounds to varying levels of emergent literacy. This variability is in turn explained by previous home environments, level of oral language and provision of good early intervention programs. In contrast, Neuman and Dickinson (2011) suggest that genetic predispositions

INTERNATIONAL PRODUCTION AND GOVERNANCE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

INTERNATIONAL PRODUCTION AND GOVERNANCE - Essay Example Food retailing is a subcategory of the retail industries. The business sector of food retailing is experiencing a dramatic change over these few years. The main driving forces of the retailing industry specifically the food industry are the consumers. They are creating the demand for the products that is increasing the scope for the expansion of this sector of the retail industry. The population growth of the developing countries and the increasing wealth in the hands of the consumers are influencing the rapid growth of these retail industries thus they are attracting more and more investments. (Retail, 2011) However these foreign investments in the food retailing sectors of other countries have certain influence on the economy of the country in which the investment is ultimately being made. The influence may to a certain extent impose a positive driven force for the country’s economy however it may have some adverse consequences. This is the scope of study of this paper. Impa ct of foreign direct investment on food retailing on receiver country’s economy The retail sectors of the modern economy had its base in the traditional retail supermarkets. Then with its emergence in the period of the last eight decades, it spreads slowly in the western region of the European continent and in the United States of America. During the period of their expansion in the Western Europe and United States there was hardly any foreign direct investment made in retails sectors of the economy. The spread of the retail sectors in the developing countries of the world were over five times faster than that in the developed countries in the past. The main reason behind this sudden significant transformation from traditional shops to retail was the huge amount of the foreign direct investment that the retail sector of these developing countries could attract. The expansion of retailing that had been achieved in the United States over the last eight decades had been achieved by the developing economy of Brazil within a period of just two decades only because of the huge rate of foreign investment that were made in the expanding sectors of the emerging economy. Moreover the sub sector of the food supply in the total retailing took more time of adjustments in the retail transformation in the developed economies. However this was an advantage for the sector as food retailing became much better equipped with capital and the support they received from the public sectors of the economies. The scenario of food sector in the developing economies of the world was a bit different. Small firms constitute majority of the food suppliers in the developing countries, which have a relatively low capital base, and lack of support from the public sectors of the countries. The growth of this sub sector of retailing in the developing economies of the world had been mainly due to the increased Foreign Direct Investments in these sectors. The Foreign Direct Investments poss ess the potential of improving the performance of the food retailing in the developing economies. The international expansion of the food retail sector had been substantially due to the investments made in the new emerging markets from the period of the nineties. (Reardon & Hopkins, 2006, p 522-524: McKinsey & Company, n.d, p. 7) The overall impact of the Foreign Direct investment in the food retail sector of the countries especially the developing ones are considered to be positive.

Low Phonemic Awareness Skills Among Disadvantaged Families Dissertation

Low Phonemic Awareness Skills Among Disadvantaged Families - Dissertation Example Empirical research into language use shows that there exists a wide gap between language use among children from well up families and those from economically disadvantaged families. Most children from disadvantaged families have low phonemic skill awareness compared to those from well up families. The purpose of this research is to identify ways in which the problem of phonemic awareness among children from poor background. The research will use a sample of 50 students from whom phonemic awareness skills will be evaluated. To provide credible conclusions and recommendations, this research will take a quantitative approach. Previous Research Phonemic awareness is a topic that has garnered a lot of attention among researchers in the recent past, owing to the persistent language problem that has indicated phonemic awareness weakness among many students in institutions. Dickinson and McCabe (2004) researched on the existence of phonological problems among children with a bilingual orient ation. The deduction of this statistical survey is that there indeed exist numerous factors that contribute to weakness in language among these students. Among these factors, Dickinson and McCabe (2004) identified that the standards of living played a key role in determining the success of language learning among children. Although this research was not directly designed on measurement of poverty levels, it was possible to outline the link between educated parents and a better economic social status (Koutsoftas, Harmon & Gray, 2009). The major conclusion of this research was that children who were fostered by learned parents had a better phonemic expression. Nichols et al (2004) found that Latino children and children from low socioeconomic backgrounds are more likely to fail to develop phonemic awareness and concepts in print owing to the fact that they lack preschool experience, causing them to lag behind when compared to children from different ethnicities and better socioeconomi c backgrounds. Latino children are at risk because English is not their first language meaning that they will categorize phonemes in their primary language as that is how their linguistic minds are programmed. Children from these categories are seen to either lack the prior knowledge or misunderstand the instructional discourse, along with the language of the text and teacher, resulting in delayed acquisition of crucial concepts that are in print (McGee & Ukrainetz, 2009). Notably also, findings from this study indicated that gender was not linked to development of phonemic awareness. These students require instructional intervention that looks into their needs and in a broader perspective. McDowell et al (2007) found that children, who undergo early reading challenges, receive less practice than other children, miss opportunities to develop reading comprehension strategies and are likely to have a negative attitude towards reading. Callaghan and Madeleine (2012) attributed the diff erence in phonemic awareness between children from low socio-economic backgrounds and their peers from high or middle socio-economic backgrounds to varying levels of emergent literacy. This variability is in turn explained by previous home environments, level of oral language and provision of good early intervention programs. In contrast, Neuman and Dickinson (2011) suggest that genetic predispositions

Argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Argument - Essay Example Thus, the issue of awarding the capital punishment remains a highly controversial topic across the world. In the US many states award death penalty to offenders who commit premeditated homicide while some others do not have capital punishment. Killing a human being intentionally is a heinous crime and offenders who commit premeditated homicide need to be punished with capital punishment to deter others from engaging in such criminal activities. Criminal justice system awards punishment to the criminals with a view to prevent the recurrence of crimes. The society considers that every criminal offender needs to be awarded a punishment appropriate to the crime he or she commits. Thus, the advocates of death penalty contend that when capital punishment is awarded to a person who commits murder, â€Å"potential murderers will think twice before killing for fear of losing their own life† (The Death Penalty: Arguments for and Against the Death Penalty 1). Evidence also points to an a nalysis by the criminologist Isaac Ehrlich, which shows that â€Å"for every inmate who was executed, 7 lives were spared† as other perpetrators become deterred from committing similar crimes (1). This source concedes to the fact that studies relating to deterrence are sometimes â€Å"inconclusive† but it attributes this to the rare use of death penalty and the delay in its execution (1). Thus, it can be construed that death penalty acts as a deterrent to crime, which is a â€Å"practical justification† for the award of capital punishment (2). Criminal justice system relies on the basic tenet that every crime deserves a proportionate punishment for meeting the objectives of natural justice. Therefore, it appears natural that the person who perpetrates a premeditated murder of another person should be punished with death so that the victim and his or her family receive justice. Thus, the principle evolves that criminal justice must consider the extent of â€Å"h arm caused by the criminal† and award a punishment that is â€Å"proportionate† to the crime (Bidinotto 20). However, the opponents of capital punishment hold the view that punitive measures derive from the concept of vengeance and the â€Å"vindictive notion of an eye for an eye† (23). Refuting this theory, Bidinotto argues that justice does not rely on the notion of vengeance but, on the other hand, is â€Å"based on retribution† (23). He further contends that showing mercy to murderers amounts to â€Å"negation of simple justice† and will actually act as an encouragement for criminals as they can â€Å"gain more from crimes than any costs they will have to bear† (23). Thus, it becomes evident that a punishment proportionate to the crime is only moral and, therefore, the award of capital punishment to a murderer is justified. Deliberate murder is a crime that destabilizes the society and, therefore, when such crimes occur the community has a responsibility to respond. The death penalty can be considered as a â€Å"uniquely powerful† response to such a crime due to its being a â€Å"permanent† solution that cannot be â€Å"retracted or overturned† (Gelernter 26). Thus, by awarding death penalty to criminals who commit the offence of premeditated homicide, society makes a proclamation that such crimes are â€Å"absolutely evil and absolutely intolerable† (26). Therefore, it will dissuade criminals from engaging in such crimes and reduce murders. Though the opponents of death penalty are

Emory University Essay Example for Free

Emory University Essay Emory University is one of the few institutions that provide an avenue for students to pursue twin passions. It offers a joint major in Economics and Mathematics, the two disciplines that I want to focus on. I also plan to take the pre-law requisites, to boost my understanding of the field of business. Given my career goals, I might also delve on financial law, a study that cannot be divorced from applied economics and math. The courses that the university offers would be of big help in the swift actualization of my plans. Another reason I am attracted to Emory is the Emory Honors Program. It enables qualified seniors to conduct intensive research in the field of their choice. Students are given the chance to study abroad for a semester. This program, with the international exposure it presents, will help me gain invaluable experience in the establishment of my own management consulting business in the future. I am not only attracted to the university’s diverse intellectual opportunities and emphasis on undergraduate education, but also to the positive learning vibe it cultivates. Its renowned professors seem very comfortable giving advice about their expertise, beyond the confines of the classroom. I can easily picture myself discussing the extent of the current global financial crisis with my economics professor. During breaks, I would browsing in the Matheson reading room or attending the East Asian Musical Cultures seminar. Emory is also synonymous with diversity. Its comfortable, friendly atmosphere allows individuality to flourish. I cannot wait to meet students from around the globe. Perhaps, by early evening, I will be standing on the Woodruff balcony, gazing at the breathtaking Atlanta skyline or chatting with an English Emory scholar over dinner. In addition, an aspect of the University that appeals to me is the wide variety of campus organizations that serve as platforms for the fulfillment of nonacademic interests. I believe that extra curriculars enhance a person’s soft skillsa competence needed to thrive in any environment, professional or social. I want to actively participate in some of Emory’s clubs and organizations during my spare time. I am also excited about continuing my involvement in groups such as the Academic Team, Habitat for Humanity, and Math Team. Lastly, I would also like to associate with groups of people with whom I share common interests, like writing. I have come across outstanding issues of The Emory Wheel, and aspire to become a contributing writer. My insightful research on a famous Chinese ancient military strategy book entitled â€Å"Art of War† can be published on the campus paper. I presume that its supposedly ancient teachings is far from outdated, and can be effectively applied in the modern world of business. With my unique cultural background, I will definitely inject fresh opinion and novel ideas to your prestigious University and I know I can add flavor to the existing diversity of Emory campus.

When Different Kinds Of Organisms Interact

When Different Kinds Of Organisms Interact Microorganisms, as the name suggests, are extremely minute organisms which are impossible to be observed by the naked eyes. Due to their size, they are mostly interpreted as being single-celled organisms and include different types of organisms in their classification bacteria, viruses, fungi, archaea and protists. Also, there are some animals which are so small that they need to be visualised under microscope for their structure to be determined, hence are termed as microscopic animals. While most of the microorganisms, due to their ability to interrupt with the normal cellular activities of other living organisms, are considered mostly as being pathogenic, they are also advantageous in a huge number of ways and their role in nature makes them crucial for the balance of the ecosystem. When different kinds of organisms interact with each other for living, the process of symbiosis occurs. The symbiosis can occur through the fusion of one organism into the other known as endosymbiosis or just through the extracellular communication of the organisms known as ectosymbiosis. The interaction among these organisms can occur in different forms such as mutualism where both of the organisms associate to benefit from each other, commensalism where one organism is in an advantageous stage while the other remains neutral with no gain or loss and parasitism where an organism takes the benefits for its survival by harming the other organism it is attached with (Prescott, 1999). The symbiotic behaviour of the microorganisms which helps them in forming different kind of relationships such as mutualism and commensalism with different kinds of animals has proved to be very beneficial for them. One of the significant benefits has been the aid provided by the microorganisms during the digestion of food in the intestinal tract of the animals. For example the presence of the microbial ecology inside the body of ruminant animals has played a huge role in the food digestion process within their rumen. Ruminant animals, which depend mainly on grasses and other fibre-rich plants, gain cellulose after food consumption to supply their high demand for energy. However, the lack of natural enzyme within their bodies can be counter effective during the cellular activities of these animals. This problem is overcome by different microorganisms found inside the rumen of the ruminants such as ciliated protozoa, anaerobic fungi and many bacterial species such as Fibrobacter succi nogenes and Ruminococcus albus which provide enzymes for breaking down cellulose to various carbon products such as glucose for energy. These organisms which create carbon cycle within the body of ruminants are important in providing organic compounds, proteins and vitamins to the animals (Wallace, 2008). Also, there are other organisms such as leaf-cutting insects which heavily rely on different types of bacteria for their nutrition. These bacteria belonging to different families such as Enterobacteriacaea and different genera such as Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Klebsiella, etc., which together form a fungal population, acquire the capability of degrading the fibres that constitute the cell walls of the plant. These polymers are hydrolysed into smaller monomers due to the fungal activities and are very useful for these leaf-cutting insects such as ants to achieve energy for survival. The relationship of the fungus and the leaf-cutting insects is mutual as the insects which cultivate the fungus help the microorganisms by sheltering them in a safe and facilitated environment within the leaves (Suen et.al. 2010). Not only animals, but microorganisms, with their efficiency in creating symbiosis with different living creatures, have been very helpful for the growth and maintenance of huge variety of plants in many numbers of ways. The roots are the main pathways for the absorption of different nutritional components needed for the plants to survive and grow. To do so, they come in contact with the soil hence fixing the plants into stationary position. This area of the interaction of the plant roots and the soil is called the rhizosphere. The rhizosphere contains a number of microorganisms which form mutualistic relationship with the plants, therefore allowing both of the plants and the microorganisms to exist and function normally. Different types of microorganisms such as the fungal strain, Trichoderma viride, are very important in protecting the soil against pathogens by producing antibiotics. This is crucial for the plants as it helps them to avoid different diseases. Besides this, plants ab sorb different molecules synthesised by different microorganisms present in the region to support their development. Some of the molecules include plant hormones such as gibberellic acid produced by the fungus, Gibberella fujikuro, cytokinins, auxins, etc., along with various other components such as amino acids, sugars and vitamins which help the plants to grow and maintain their structure (Starkey, 1958). Along with different organic molecules, several inorganic factors are also needed for ensuring the growth of plants. Among these, nitrogen is considered to be a vital aspect for the plant development. Nitrogen gases, which dominate the earthà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s atmosphere, cannot be used directly by the plant materials and so need to be converted into various nitrogen containing compounds. During this process of nitrogen fixing, different microorganisms come into play making it possible for the plants to absorb the compounds. Among different types of plants, leguminous plants use different bacteria such as Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium for the fixing of nitrogen. These bacteria enter into the plants by piercing through the walls and the epidermis of the root cells and ultimately giving rise to the nodules. After the entry, the microorganisms become active for nitrogen fixation at the site called bacteroids present within the nodule. The nodules also contain leghemoglobin which have features similar to that of haemoglobin in human beings. The ability of these molecules to provide oxygen is very important for the bacteroids to maintain their ATP level and also for the nodules to give their red colour. The darkness of the nodule helps in determining the degree of N2 fixation. Besides the symbiotic relation of Rhizobium and leguminous plants, the interaction between the bacteria and other non-leguminous plants such as Parasponia andersonii also occurs to fix the nitrogen. Apart from Rhizobium, several other ba cteria such as Frankia form symbiotic relationship with various dicotyledonous plants for the formation of the nodules. These nodules, in presence of sufficient oxygen, increase their nitrogenous activity and help in fixing nitrogen required for the growth and development of plants (Burris et.al. 1992). Likewise, different microorganisms also play huge role in the area of biotechnology. The use of the biotechnology which has great impact in different fields such as medicine, agriculture, engineering, etc. make use of biological organisms and are involved in some sort of industrial processes. This also includes food technology which has been hugely influenced by the use of microorganisms during the process. One of the important aspects of the food technology where microorganisms are utilised includes fermentation. Fermentation is the process of oxidising the sugar molecules such as carbohydrates for the formation of smaller molecules such as alcohol and carbon dioxide which are simultaneously reduced in an oxygen deprived environment. So, the fermentation process has been used for the production of different kinds of alcohol such as wine where different strains of yeast such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Saccharomyces ellipsoideus are used to extract the alcoholic content from the c arbohydrates as well as beer which are produced by the fermentation of starch obtained from cereals using other strains of yeast such as Saccharomyces carlsbergensis (Prescott, 1999). Besides producing alcohol, milk can also be fermented to produce lactic acid which is useful in dairy products such as yogurt, cream, cheese, butter, etc. To synthesise these products, different lactic acid bacteria belonging to various genera such as Lactococcus, Lactobacilli, Enterococci, Streptococci, etc. are used during the fermentation process. Different strains of these bacteria are used in different ways to achieve the desired product such as the bacteria Lactobacilli bulagricus and Streptococcus thermophilus provide the milk with good texture and flavour giving yogurt as the end product. However, the inability of some other bacteria such as Lactobacillus acidophilus to provide texture leaves the milk only with considerable acidity (Acidophilus milk). This is one of the useful products of milk fermentation (Vuyst 2000). Also, the process of bread making is highly affected by the bacterial strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae which ferment different saccharides such as glucose and fructose present naturally in the dough, sucrose added by the baker and maltose produced through the breakdown of starch into acids. The fermentation converts the sugars into acids such as CO2, hence providing the bread with the needed texture, taste and odour (Attfield et.al. 2001). In addition to these, fermentation industry has been proved to be very advantageous to meet the high demand of antibiotics whilst maintaining the economy during their production. These antibiotics are generated from the growth of microorganisms such as different strains of fungus Penicillium and are known as secondary metabolites. This rapid production of antibiotics is useful in different areas ranging from human bodies to soil to combat different pathogens and other harmful microbes (Wilkinson, 1975). Along with the use of the microorganisms in different fields of biotechnology, rapid development has been observed in the genetic engineering where the DNA of an organism is modified using several means such as enzymes and vectors and recombinant DNA is obtained that is used to for benefits. Microorganisms have been modified for different medical purposes. The proteins that have the potential of treating certain diseases or illness have been extracted through the genetically modified microorganisms. The alternation of genes in an organism to treat diseases known as gene therapy makes great use of different strains of bacteria such as Salmonella, Shigella, Listeria as well as Escherichia coli and certain types of yeast (Vassaux et.al. 2005). Among these, there has been significant achievement in the cancer treatment through the use of modified microorganisms. Various microorganisms such belonging to the strains of Clostridium, Bifidobacterium, Salmonella, Mycobacterium, Bacillus and L isteria, which are either obligate anaerobic or facultative anaerobic, have the ability of supressing the tumour growth by acting as anticancer agents and hence targeting the overgrowing cells (Bernades et.al. 2010). Similarly, the use of vaccines has been very important to treat different diseases such as small pox, measles, mumps, polio, etc. These vaccines which are inserted into organismsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ bodies carry several antigens and so induce the immune response within the body systems. The production of these useful antigens is possible through the different microbial strains of bacteria and viruses such as Staphylococcus  carnosus, Salmonella enterica, Listeria monocytogenes, etc. which are weakened and are used as carriers for the antigens. This causes the antibodies against certain pathogens to be produced inside the living body of the organisms (Schoen et al. 2007). The technique of genetically modifying microorganisms has been of great use in the field of agriculture. Different bacteria such as Agrobacterium tumefaciens are used to produce recombinant DNA with desired gene and are transferred into the plants in order to produce different plant growth hormones and hence increase crop productivity. Also, the genes from other bacteria such as Bacillus thuringiensis have been transformed using recombinant DNA technology and inserted into the plant cells of different types such as tomato and tobacco enabling them to resist against diseases caused by the pests. Besides different pests, fungi and insects, the frost formation can also disturb the normal functioning of cells in many agricultural crops. There are several biological agents that can induce in the nucleation of ice layer in the leaf surfaces. To reduce the effects of these agents, several microorganisms such as ice-minus strain of Pseudomonas syringae bacteria, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Erwi nia herbicola, etc. are used to protect the plants against ice formation (Atlas, 1998). With so many benefits and many more such as in treatment of sewages and wastes, energy recovery through large production of biomass that are brought through the use of microorganisms, they can hardly be considered as disease causing agents. All the advantages are very necessary to maintain the equilibrium of the environment and to benefit human beings during daily survivals. While the pathogenic organisms that carry diseases need to be controlled from growth, attempt of eradicating the microorganisms completely from the ecosystem needs to be avoided as this can counter balance the positive effects carried by them and can induce a serious threat to the survival of some other organisms in the living system.

Essay --

There were many reasons behind the fall of the Roman Empire, however, the economic reasons were the main source of its collapse. The fourth century was the period of time where the economy started to experience problems. During this time period, there were many inequalities between the rich and the poor, decreasing population, the German Barbarians holding Rome for ransom, cutting off their trade networks, inflation, and finally the de-specialization of the economy. Each of these causes were very significant in leading up to the fall of the Roman Empire. Throughout history, in many civilizations, there has always been a gap between the rich and the poor, and the gap between these groups in the Roman Empire was no exception either. The difference between the rich and the poor significantly impacted the status of the economy. For example, in the Roman Empire, the rich could get away with almost everything. They could do it by two methods, they could pay their taxes in small portions so they wouldn’t have to pay them all at once, or they could also simply avoid them by bribing the government, as opposed to the poor which had to pay them all at once. (Hayward, 1958, p. 105) If they did not follow this procedure, they would be punished one way or another. Since the rich were of high status, they could be heard by the government easily, with no possible penalties while the poor were given consequences if they did the same. The gap between the rich also grew wider and wider due to wealthy landowners driving tenant farmers out of their lands and treating those lands as their own. The rich were very important in the status of the economy as well. They could impair the authority of the central government. (Haywood, 1958, p. 104-105... ...etc. Trade was dependent on the status of the government in the Roman Empire. Since the Roman government was really powerful, it restricted some aspects of trade. Along with this, maritime trade was decreasing drastically. There were attacks on ships on the Mediterranean sea, which decreased trade between Rome and other countries. Transport affected the geographic division of labor in the Roman Empire. (Paolilli, 2008, p. 282) The Roman Empire used to be a prosperous place to live in until it started to experience many problems which led its decline. The status of the economy was affected by many reasons including economic inequality between the wealthy and the lower class, inflation, the ransom of Rome with the Germanic Barbarians and finally, the de-specialization of the economy. Rome’s foolish actions along with some outside influence led Rome to its demise.

Greater Access to the Internet Has Enabled Buyers

Greater access to the internet has enabled buyers to search more easily for information about potential suppliers of goods and services. This has significantly affected many industries, such as insurance, banking, retailing and travel. To what extent do you think that increased internet usage inevitably reduces producers’ profits? Justify your answer with reference to organizations and/or industries that you know. Over the past decade, Shopping on the internet has skyrocketed with internet sales reaching almost ? 0 billion in 2012, which accounts to almost 10% of total sales in the UK. This is due to the increased possession of Internet devices such as: smartphones, laptops and computers. It has become much easier and simpler for consumers to buy products online using these devices. Increased internet security has also increased demand for online shopping due to customers being confident in undergoing an online transaction. Another advantage of selling items on the internet is that it gives you the opportunity to advertise your or another companies products.Over 80% of the British population uses the internet regularly which opens up a massive market for advertising and for companies to show their products to users of the internet. However, results in increased internet usage have resulted in the decreased need for physical advertising such as: books, magazines and newspapers which have begun to prove more ineffective in advertising products. For example, a double paged spread in a popular newspaper can exceed costs of ? 10,000 while costs of advertising on a high traffic website may only cost ? 200 a month.Jessops has recently entered administration and is a perfect example as to how increased internet usage can reduce profits for some firms. Its target market was camera lovers, which prints out photos, sells cameras and a large number of accessories. Despite being an online retailer, Jessops failed to compete with the low prices of Amazon, Curryâ€℠¢s and other online competitors. The internet has an endless supply of products such as cameras at a very competitive price. Some products would not be sold in Jessops but would be sold online resulting in losses of potential revenue for Jessops.Another market which has slowly died is the demand for printing of photos, due to social media websites such as Twitter and Facebook people don’t need to share their photos in a physical format and are capable of simply sending the picture via these social websites. In this case of selling products it was a massive drawback for Jessops but turned out to be an advantage for competitors such as Amazon. The increased number of internet users leads to benefits for Amazon who thrive off increased internet usage due to consumers finding it a cheaper alternative to Jessops.The internet can also be a good source of primary market research which enables firms such as Amazon to analyze prices of different websites. This would give the opportuni ty for Amazon to perhaps reduce prices or introduce offers which would help them sell more products. I believe it is entirely up to the company, this kind of competition would perhaps not effect Amazon due to their size in the market and their reliability where customers instantly visit Amazon knowing they will be given a fair price and receive their purchased item quickly.However, it did affect Jessops who failed to respond to demand and lower prices resulting in there imminent administration. I don’t believe that the increased usage of the internet reduces profits as some firms can be incredibly profitable off of this. With the current state of the economy, people who are in need of high quality clothing have tended to move further away from worldwide brands such as: Gucci, D&G and Louis Vuitton and have moved closer to the retail shop Zara. Zara has blossomed over the past few years, both online and in the high street due to increased internet usage and there quick respons e to demand.It is primarily down to the type of business and the level of competitiveness they possess. A large number of fashion companies are not focused on their usage of the internet and rely on customers purchasing these products physically from their shop which can be a major drawback in their market as they can’t expand their popularity to the larger target market found online. From the examples supplied I do not believe the increased usage of the internet will reduce producers’ profits as it will be down to the nature of the product and other related reasons.Reaction to change online will affect the companies chances of success in the current economic climate however. The internet can provide an endless number of benefits for companies such as: easy shopping, safe transactions and more straightforward searches. The internet has proven to be more successful for companies such as Zara having a massive profit increase of 43% simply after the re-designing of their websiote making it simpler for the inline internet shopper. Although a company like Zara could earn an incredible amount from online sales this leads to high street stores failing due to the loss in numbers of customers.

Consumer Behavior Essay

This section describes the roles of product appearance in the process of consumer evaluation and choice. For this aim, literature in the fields of product development, product design, consumer behavior, marketing, and human factors has been searched. The literature shows that the visual appearance of a product can influence consumer product evaluations and choice in several ways. Several authors considered the role of product or package appearance in consumer product evaluation or choice (Bloch, 1995; Garber, 1995; Garber et al. , 2000; Veryzer, 1993; Veryzer, 1995). However, they did not discuss explicitly the different ways in which appearance influences consumer choice and their respective implications for product design. In addition to these more recent contributions to the literature, the functions of a product in consumer–product interaction are described in earlier industrial design literature (Lo? bach, 1976; Pilditch, 1976; Schu? rer, 1971). Several of these functions concern product appearance. There are differences between authors in the number of roles (i. e. , functions) of product appearance they distinguish and the terms they use. For example, communication of ease of use was mentioned by Bloch (1995) and was described as part of the aesthetic function by Lo? bach (1976), while Veryzer (1995) called it the communicative function of a product appearance. If all the roles mentioned in the literature are considered as a whole, the following six roles of product appearance for consumers can be distinguished: (1) communication of aesthetic, (2) symbolic, (3) functional, and (4) ergonomic product information; (5) attention drawing; and (6) categorization. A description of these six roles and their implications for product design follows. Product Appearance and Aesthetic Product Value The aesthetic value of a product pertains to the pleasure derived from seeing the product, without consideration of utility (Holbrook, 1980). A consumer can value the ‘‘look’’ of a product purely for its own sake, as looking at something beautiful is rewarding in itself. When product alternatives are similar in functioning and price, consumers will prefer the one that appeals the most to them aesthetically (see, for example, Figure 1). Aesthetic responses are primarily emotional or feeling responses, and as such they are very personal (Bamossy et al. , 1983). Several researchers have tried to determine properties of products that are related to aesthetic appreciation. Innate preferences are proposed for visual organization principles, such as unity (i. e. , congruence in elements), proportion (e. g. , ‘‘the Golden Section’’), and symmetry (Hekkert, 1995; Muller, 2001; Veryzer, 1993; Veryzer and Hutchinson, 1998), and an inverted U-shaped relation is proposed between aestheticpreference and complexity (Berlyne, 1971). Another property influencing aesthetic judgments is color. The desirability of a color will change according to the object to which it is applied (e. g. , a car or a table) and with the style of the object (e. g. , modern or Georgian) (Whitfield and Wiltshire, 1983). In addition to (innate) preferences for certain properties of stimuli, prototypicality is found to influence the aesthetic response. Proto typicality is the degree to which something is representative of a category (see also the section about categorization). In several studies, evidence is found for a positive influence of visual prototypicality on aesthetic preference (Hekkert, 1995; Veryzer and Hutchinson, 1998; Whitfield and Slatter, 1979). According to Hekkert et al. (2003), products with an optimal combination of prototypicality and novelty are preferred aesthetically. As well as the product-related characteristics previously mentioned, there are cultural, social, and personal influences on design taste. For example, color preferences differ between cultures and in time (Whitfield and Wiltshire, 1983). In addition, personal factors, such as design acumen, prior experience, and personality influence the design taste of consumers (Bloch, 1995). The influence of an aesthetic judgment on product preference can be moderated by the perceived aesthetic fit of the product with other products the consumer owns, or his or her home interior (Bloch, 1995). Product Appearance and Symbolic Product Value Consumer goods carry and communicate symbolic meaning (McCracken, 1986). Symbolic value even can be the key determinant for product selection (Hirschman and Holbrook, 1982) and can account for the selection of products that clearly are inferior in their tangible characteristics (Levy, 1959). An example of the latter is Philippe Starck’s Juicy Salif lemon squeezer (Lloyd and Snelders, 2003). The choice for a specific product or brand may convey the kind of person someone is or wants to be; consumers use products to express their (ideal) self-image to themselves and to others (Belk, 1988; Landon, 1974; Sirgy, 1982; Solomon, 1983). Symbolic meaning can be attached to a product or brand on the basis of, among other things, advertising (McCracken, 1986), country of origin, or the kind of people using it (Sirgy, 1982). But the productitself also can communicate symbolic value in a more direct way, namely by its appearance. A product’s appearance communicates messages (Murdoch and Flurscheim, 1983), as it may look cheerful, boring, friendly, expensive, rude, or childish (see, for example, Figure 2). In addition, a certain style of appearance may evoke associations with a certain time or place (e. g. , the Fifties). Furthermore, the product or package appearance can reinforce the image of a brand, as the identity of a brand is expressed visually in the appearance of products (Schmitt and Simonson, 1997). Consumers may attach the meaning of a brand to elements of the physical appearance of products. In this way, a brand image may transfer to different kinds of products (see the section about categorization). Many companies therefore make consistent use of certain design elements, such as a color combination, a distinctive form element, or style. For example, car manufacturers often try to keep different car models recognizable as belonging to the same brand. The distinctive radiator grill of BMW automobiles is an example of a recognizable design element. The linking of brand meaning to elements of the product appearance will be easier when the associations these elements engender by themselves (e. g. , because they are innate or are determined by culture) correspond to the desired brand image. For example, use of bright colors and a large size, which is associated with aggression (Murdoch and Flurscheim, 1983), will make it easier to position a car brand as aggressive. Although there are large individual and time-specific differences in the experience of color and form, there are certain associations that seem to be relatively constant. Overviews of the influence of form and color on consumer perception of symbolic value (but also ergonomic and aesthetic value) can be found in Muller (2001), Murdoch and Flurscheim (1983), Schmitt and Simonson (1997), and Whitfield and Wiltshire (1983). For example, angular forms are associated with dynamism and masculinity, while roundness evokes softness and femininity (Schmitt and Simonson, 1997). Culture is an important determinant of the interpretations that consumers give and the associations they have with certain factors of a product’s appearance. For example, color associations vary from culture to culture (Whitfield and Wiltshire, 1983). In America and Europe, the color white stands for purity, and brides traditionally dress in white; in Japan itis a color of mourning. Furthermore, meaning is context dependent. The impression that colors give may change completely by combining certain colors (Muller, 2001). Also, the meaning of forms and colors may change in time, as meanings are continuously transformed by movements in art, fashion, etcetera (Muller, 2001). There is some debate about whether symbolic interpretation is part of the aesthetic experience. In most literature, aesthetic value is mentioned as botha hedonic impression and a result of interpretation and representation (Schmitt and Simonson, 1997; Vihma, 1995). It is acknowledged in this article that whether a product is conceived of as beautiful is affected by what it represents (Vihma, 1995). The same style can be considered ‘‘good taste’’ at one point in time, while being considered ‘‘bad taste’’ 10 years later, because the connotations associated with it or the interpretations given to it have changed. For example, orange was a modern color for clothes, furniture, and plastic products in the Seventies, generally was perceived as old-fashioned and ugly in the Eighties, and became used in products and clothing again in the Nineties. However, the view in this article is that aesthetic and symbolic value should be distinguished, as they may have opposite influences on preference. For example, someone who likes a colorful design may not buy it because it looks ‘‘too childish. ’’ Product Appearance and Functional Product Value

Heavenly Creatures Film Analysis Essay

Heavenly Creatures is based on a true story about two teenage girls who murder one of their mothers in Christchurch, New Zealand. The film, directed by Sir Peter Jackson, uses many techniques in the opening scene to efficiently show how vital this scene is to the film. These techniques include a documentary clip, costume, cinematography and sound. In the beginning of the opening scene, a documentary clip is used to introduce us to the town of Christchurch, New Zealand. The director uses this to show us how seemingly perfect the town of Christchurch was. In the clip it includes appealing imagery of flowers, gardens, lakes and schools. Accompanied with joyful music, Christchurch is presented to be the idyllic town. Described as a â€Å"quiet haven,† the audience become aware of how unlikely and implausible it would have been at the time for two teenage girls to commit a brutal murder against one of their mothers. The clip is used to create juxtaposition and shock the audience and to illustrate how alarming it would have been in the 1950’s for a murder of this nature to have occurred. Jackson wanted us to see the situation through the eyes of the people of Christchurch in the 1950’s – it would have been completely out of character for their town, causing quite a scandal. Therefore the media, at the time, would have had a field day. The media were quick to accuse the girls of being â€Å"lesbian school girl killers,† the girls became far more outcast than they already were. They were essentially the villains of the town. Jackson said up until the murder, he had tried to portray the girls from a sympathetic point of view. They were misunderstood creatures, exiled from their peers. The cinematography is used very effectively in the opening scene of â€Å"Heavenly Creatures.† An example of cinematography in the scene is when we see shots of the girls’ legs running up a path. They are covered in blood and screaming. This is paralleled with another shot of the girls’ legs, but this time they are running towards Juliet’s parents, on a boat. The next shot shows the girls both yelling â€Å"Mummy† as they get closer to Juliet’s mother. These shots show the girls are running from reality to fantasy. The fantasy scene where they are running towards Juliet’s mother shows that the girls desired to be sisters. Pauline would have done anything to be a part of the Hulme family, including killing her own mother. The  director wanted the audience to see how much of an intense relationship Juliet Hulme and Pauline Parker had- they killed someone in an attempt to stay together. The black and white colouring on the boat scene represents the girls’ fantasy, and how it was not real. The director also uses establishing shots to introduce us to the two main characters. We see Pauline exit from a shed-like house and jump down from over a fence. Her hair is unkempt, and she seems to be unhappy. Later in the scene when Pauline has arrived at school, there is a tracking shot of her walking down a school corridor. She seems awkward, and as she walks past her school peers she seems outcast. When people greet her, she would half-heartedly reply. The director wants us to see that Pauline does not come from a rich family, and to show she is quite different than the rest of her peers. Juliet, however, is first introduced with a shot of her travelling in a flash car, and later an establishing shot of her with her perfectly tidy hair and uniform as she is being introduced to the French class. The director shows that she comes from a wealthy and respectable background. When Juliet outsmarts the French teacher and is not afraid to speak up for herself, the audience is shown that Juliet, as well as Pauline, stands out from the rest of the class. The girls together were outsiders, and became fast friends because of this. Costume is also used skilfully in â€Å"Heavenly Creatures.† In the majority of the opening scene we see the girls, Pauline and Juliet, dressed in their identical school uniforms. As the school gathers for their morning assembly, they sing school hymns. High angle shots show all the girls in their identical uniforms and haircuts. The director wants us to realise that in a girl’s school in the 1950s, individuality was not widely accepted. The girls were expected to be well behaved, polite and obliging. Every girl is the scene is singing and looking relatively happy – except for Pauline. Though she is dressed correctly from top to toe in he r black leather shoes and white socks, her blue school-girl uniform dress and her short hair, Pauline stands out from the crowd. She is not singing the hymn and looks bored and sullen. Her hair is also far more dark and unruly than the rest of the girls around her. The director wants to show that Pauline is not just the average school girl, and she detests being in unison with everyone else, as she desires to be unique. Pauline and Juliet both had the desire to be unique, to stand out from the crowd with their own ideas and  own opinions, but that was not socially acceptable in their society or school. People, including the girls’ own family looked down on them for creating their fantasies and imaginary worlds. They did not fit in with their society in the 1950s. Expertly crafted in the â€Å"Heavenly Creatures† opening scene is the soundtrack. During the documentary clip, the music playing is cheerful and happy. This is because the clip is showing Christchurch to be a beautiful and harmonious place. The music helps to create the illusion that everything in the world of Christchurch is perfect. But as the scene transitions from the documentary clip to the actual story line, the music becomes dark and almost menacing. The director uses this to show that Christchurch is hiding a daunting side to it; this side involves deluded and murderous young girls. The music also creates tension which could be linked to how the outside world of Christchurch at the time were feeling – the shock of the murder case was startling, and the audience lives this too, through use of music. The director also wants to see past what Christchurch looks like on the outside, and realise that underneath, the town has damaged and scared parts, just as every other town does. The town of Christchurch has both good and bad people who do good and bad things. The harmonious music and the dark music is a way of symbolising the town and the people who live in it.

Manet's Le Dejuner sur l'herbe and Bouguereau's Nymphs and Satyr Assignment

Manet's Le Dejuner sur l'herbe and Bouguereau's Nymphs and Satyr - Assignment Example The paper "Manet's Le Dejuner sur l'herbe and Bouguereau's Nymphs and Satyr" compares Manet's "Le Dejuner sur L'herbe" with Bouguereau's "Nymphs and Satyr". Manet’s work is an example of realism because it demonstrates the concepts of realistic within art. It attempts to represent what one would actually be able to â€Å"feel† or â€Å"see† with a sense of shock and demonstration. Manet’s work broke the mold of realism and depicted elements with some surreal aspects in order to highlight the main points behind the piece of work. This resulted in his work being labeled as â€Å"immoral† and â€Å"amateurish† because it was demonstrating the unexpected, while Bougueraeu was praised by critics. Bouguereau actually presented more of what was expected during this time for elements of realism to catch the attention of the audience. Many historians have considered ‘Dejuner’ to be the first modern work of art because it depicts all of th e elements generally present in modernistic pieces. While it presented elements of expected realism, it introduced concepts of modernity into the sphere of artistry, thus paving the way for more modern concepts in art. Impressionism- How did the advent of photography and/or the introduction of Japanese Ukiyo-e prints influence the impressionists in their abandoning of the stylistic characteristics of traditional painting? Choose an Impressionist work from the module to illustrate your answer. Since the Impressionists loved to paint landscapes and portraits like the Dutch Baroque artists of the 17th Century.

Information system management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Information system management - Assignment Example ferrous forgings (e.g. pressure vessels, satellite rings, aero plane undercarriages, chemical plant etc.) is performing their activities by connecting every area of it so that the whole system works together. Currently the issue is with the performance of IT system and its coordination with the business management. Any business that is established cannot proceed or grow unless there is proper integration of the divisions that are set in order to carry business. IT system and the business are two other ways, both work in their own manner and both have different ways of solving their problems and issues. Business focuses more on goals where as IT deals with the use of appropriate software’s and hardware’s. For organization’s it is difficult to bring the IT system and the management to one platform in order to bring sustainability to the business. This can only be done when there is proper communication of information between both divisions. Being a manager I know t hat the dissimilarity actually breakdowns the system and due to this the alignment of the business and the IT also get disturbs. Business success comes when there is understanding between both areas because the working ways and conditions are different of business and IT. Management can all the time be informed with the IT issues by communication and the involvement of IT specialists in the board meetings. Creating value in business is impossible unless the latest trends are not followed. Because of the changing trends and environment, businesses are creating shifts in order to bring sustainability and uniqueness in the services and operations. IT is one and the best way of providing customer service, establishing convenient distribution channels, and information regarding the products and rescheduling business boundaries. Business managers should see IT as the major component and a wheel of the business. To develop any business activity it is important to give required significance to the IT system of the firm whereas, IT plays a very important role in performing the business activities. This report will present the tools and techniques and the strategies that can be used for performing and fixing up the issues that are currently faced by this company regarding the performance of IT and the cost related issued with IT infrastructure. It furthers demonstrate the solutions to such problems to adhere the further adverse effects of IT on the organization. This report also illustrates that why this enterprise failed to follow the use of IT effectively whereas today the need of IT is rapidly increasing but due to the mismanagement and improper coordination of IT and business management it is bringing difficulties for them to manage their rapid growing costs of IT. Key Issues Following are the issues that are generally faced by the company related to IT as management failed to identify the issues and couldn’t create the solutions to it The issue that manageme nt faces consistently about IT is the change over time. As IT has moved into the strange era where the needs and demands of the market change over time and this causes IT to change their strategy whereas the strategies and working processes of the management also change. So it gets difficult for both the functions to work on one platform. Another issue is that whosoever is working in IT division need to keep themselves update and should be well

How Does Interface Design on social networking website Impact on Dissertation

How Does Interface Design on social networking website Impact on today's Youth - Dissertation Example edly taken over by the Digital Revolution. The Internet has changed the face of our world. Web based and Social Networking Websites and Soft wares have broadened our horizons and now we have plenty of new opportunities to choose from. First of all, online learning and Web based teaching have become synonymous with Face-to-Face learning. Secondly, each day new aspects of web based solutions are made available for the ease of online students. The only issue that must not be neglected is the protection of one’s privacy and safety. The young users are vulnerable and prone to many a web based menaces and exposed to a whole new world of Internet crimes. Proper coaching and counseling are required on part of the parents and teachers both, to make them beware of the criminal activities and privacy invasions taking place by mere use of the online social networking applications. 48 3.1 Objectives: 49 3.2 Data Analysis and Methods of Data Collection: 50 Limitations & Ethics Issue: 52 53 3.3Research Methodology – Case studies 54 a)Case Study 1: PINTEREST: A security Issue: 54 b)Case Study 2: Face book the case of Privacy: 55 3.4 Research Methodology: Conclusion of Online Surveys: 56 QUESTIONNAIRE 56 BIBLIOGRAPHY 68 TABLE OF FIGURES 73 CHAPTER 4 74 INTRODUCTION 74 4.1 FINDINGS AND NEW APPROACH: 75 4.2) FINDINGS: 76 5) Uploading music, movies, widgets and related information. 77 6) Downloading games and applications. 77 7) Authoring and showing creativity by uploading your own content such as: Personal blogs videos, music, poetry etc. 77 8) Sharing third party content e.g. liking someone else’s preference or work as hosting a YouTube video or a blog page. 77 9) Posting Public and Private Messages such as: Through Face book and MySpace. 77 10) Collaborating and interacting with other people, as it is the best way for people who are not very social and are introvert and shy. 78 WEBSITES DESIGNED SPECIALLY FOR YOUNGSTERS: 78 Many conventional social network ing services are intended and designed for teens and young people according to their interests and preferences such as: 78 1)Teen Second Life. 78 2) Habbo Hotel. 78 3) Imbee. Com. 78 4) Disney. 78 5)Nick.com 78 6) ClubPenguin. Etc 78 These websites are specifically designed for TEENS AND YOUNG ADULTS, according to their age, maturity levels and basic security requirements as well as profile modifications and identity security as they have a required age limit for signup (National School Boards Association, 200