School Uniforms Should Be Public Schools - 968 Words

School Uniforms Parents around the globe have emphasized the controversy over school uniforms. During the school year of 2011-2012, one in every five school required students to wear school uniforms. America s first documented schools to inaugurate uniforms were in Maryland and Washington. Throughout the previous years in America, there have been numerous disputes whether school uniforms should be in public schools. In the last 30 years, public schools have often been hostilely compared to private schools. This being said some public schools decided to change their dress code policy. Recently, Kids Fashion Expert, Michelle Kouzmine, from About Style decided to probe into the debate on School Uniforms. Educators believe when students wear uniforms, they feel more professional and behave accordingly, stated Kouzmine in her article on Uniforms. Therefore, when all students are dressed in regulation uniforms, there is less focus on fashion in the classroom and more focus on learning. An opposing article was offered by Christopher Cascio from website global post, around the same time. Cascio acknowledges that school uniforms are instigated all across the U.S. and claims they are expensive and stifle student creativity. School Uniforms fail to reduce behavioral problems or create a sense of equality among students of varying socioeconomic classes Christopher Cascio tackles the same arguments that Kouzmine addresses in her argument. These next few paragraphs willShow MoreRelatedShould Uniforms Be Used in Public Schools?1150 Words   |  5 Pagestouchiest subjects of public schools would be about if they should enforce school uniforms, or should they just enforce a dress code? This subject has many different views, and plenty of good pros and cons on the matter. In our personal belief, we think that schools should only enforce dress codes, and stay away from assigning specific uniforms. Obviously everyone has their own view on this, we are going to give you some ins ight on how dress codes could do more harm on public schools than good. TeachersRead MorePublic Schools Should Adopt A School Uniform Policy889 Words   |  4 Pagesall public schools should adopt a school uniform policy, and there is a paragraph with a counter argument with school uniforms. There is a discussion on how the crime rate decreases amongst students, how uniforms save the families money, how gang related activities have decreased, and how there is less stress between students and parents. By the time you finish reading this paper, you too should agree that all public schools should adopt a school uniform policy. All Public Schools ShouldRead MoreSchool Uniforms: Should They Be Required in Public Schools? Essay925 Words   |  4 Pages Every year there is a large debate about school uniforms and whether they should be required in our public schools, or not. Some parents and school staff think that uniform policies should be enforced, as they feel it provides a sense of safety, structure, a lack of ridicule and modesty to our children. On the other hand, there are parents that argue that it takes away a child’s freedom of expression, independence, free spirit and individuality. Both parties have good and effective arguments andRead MoreShould Uniforms Be Required For Public School Students?1203 Words   |  5 PagesThe idea of uniforms being required for public school students has been a widely controversial topic in the recent past. In the 2003-2004 school year, only one in eight public schools required students to wear uniforms (ProConorg Headlines). In the 2013-2014 school year, on e in five public schools required students to wear uniforms (ProConorg Headlines). This essay will discuss the reasons that uniforms restrict the individuality of students, burdens families that cannot afford two sets of clothesRead MoreShould Public Schools Require Uniforms Essay705 Words   |  3 PagesThere are several reasons public schools should require uniforms. â€Å"School uniforms are one of several strategies being used by this nation’s public schools to restore order in the classroom and safety in the schools† (Stanley, 2). â€Å"In addition to encouraging students to concentrate on learning, rather than on what to wear, uniforms can be social equalizers that promote peer acceptances, as well as school spirit and school pride† (Stanley, 2). School uniforms make it easier for students not toRead MoreShould Public Schools Require Uniforms? Essay2356 Words   |  10 PagesWhen I was a child attending elementary school all of my friends loved the way I dressed, but there was also other children that attended school with me that seemed inferior to me simply because of how I dressed. Usually the children that praised the way I dress always wore nice clothes themselves, while the others who didn’t dress ad nice would try to pick fights or make fun of children that did dress nice. Later on in my life as I approached high school the tables turned; the teenagers who dressedRead MoreSchool Uniforms Should Be Implemented Throughout K 12 Public Schools1258 Words   |  6 PagesBobby Mishra Mrs. Bezemek Apps of Comp 24 November 2014 School Uniforms According to a study done by the National Association of Elementary School Principals (NAESP) said that the popularity of school uniforms are clearly on the rise. Now more schools have uniforms rising from 28 percent to 49 percent in thirteen years (Tucker). School uniforms can help improve behavior leading to safer schools and safer communities. School uniforms can also lead to an increase in academic behavior leading to betterRead MoreShould Public School System Be Mandatory Uniform Policy?1869 Words   |  8 Pages School Uniforms Sarah Chaudhry SOC 1020-090 University of Utah Fall 2015 â€Æ' Abstract: Unfortunately, public school has become less about education and more about being fashion forward. As a society, there is definitely a higher tendency for people to judge a person’s entire personality solely on what and how they are dressed. The desire to have the latest trending clothes is in far greater demand than to have the highest grades. As a result many issues such as vandalism, bullying, sexual harassmentRead MoreEssay on Three Reasons Why Public Schools Should Wear Uniforms664 Words   |  3 Pagesseen here, in the USA few public schools have need of students to wear a uniform. I went to school in Mexico City and I got to wear uniform every day. It is very common there for students to be dress in uniforms. Most of the time, I think kids in this country are very spoiled and very selfish too. For them to wear an uniform to go to school it is very offensive. The reason is they think they can no longer express themselves. I agree that asking students to wear a unifor m won’t change their attitudeRead MoreOver The Past Years, Most Public School Administrators1385 Words   |  6 PagesOver the past years, most public school administrators have been engaged in the heated debate over whether public school students should put on school uniforms or not. This important argument has drawn the attention of both liberal thinkers and conservatives. From one far end, a section of the society feels that public school students school have the freedom to put on their clothing of choice while the other section feels that there should be uniformity in the public-school attire. Based on such contradicting

fuctions of management Essay - 975 Words

Out of the four topics I would say the first step in the four functions of management is organizing. Organizing The first step of organizing would be self-organizing and time management. Without self-organizing your team will not be organized and will start going to other places for leadership. Once the self-organizing is done then the manager can start organizing the team. Time management for your team should be a priority the team leader. The next step would be to develop a matrix and a chain of command. A clear chain of command will help organize the team. In my opinion Planning is the second step. Without proper planning the team or workers will start making their own plans and those plans may not be want the manager wants.†¦show more content†¦One valuable tool I have learned to use that helps me be a good leader is the website Out of the Box Coachingâ„ ¢ and Breakthroughs with the Enneagram by Mary R. Bast, Ph.D. 2005 she describes nine leadership styles and the faults and descriptions and as well as development skill. LEADERSHIP STYLE ONE: The Idealist A self-observing Idealist can be a wonderful leader: wise, tolerant, balanced, and focused on standards of excellence in ways that provide an exemplary vision for followers. Ones are often the purveyors of quality in an organization. LEADERSHIP STYLE TWO: The Mentor The most interpersonally oriented of all the leadership styles, healthy Mentors are unconditionally caring leaders who derive deep satisfaction from seeing and encouraging the development of others; they are typically great supporters of customer service. Well-developed Twos will also be aware of their own needs, which provides balance in their lives and allows them to give freely, without expectation of return. LEADERSHIP STYLE THREE: The Star Star leaders are often expansive, risk-taking go-getters who ensure high productivity for their organizations. Formidable models for others, they are efficient and supremely goal-oriented; consequently, they tend to rise to top organizational levels, or to run their own companies. LEADERSHIP STYLE FOUR: The Innovator Innovators are vital to the health of an organization because they are able to view things from aShow MoreRelated7-Eleven Management Control1601 Words   |  7 PagesGlobal 7-Eleven Management Control INTRODUCTION. Control. In management control is a critical fuction. Management control problem can lead to large loses and possibly even to organizational failure. (Kenneth and Van Der Stede, 2004). Why controlling became the crucial thing on an organization or company? it because controlling handle the process of monitoring, comparing, and correcting work performance. (Robbins and Coulter, 2009). So, what the impact to the company or organization ifRead MoreTop Ranking Private Bank Of Bangladesh1276 Words   |  6 Pagesthe ovarall performance for the organization. premier bank is a top ranking private bank of Bangladesh. As a successful commercial bank it follows all the managerial fuctions properly. Planning: It is important for a bank to formulate it:s plans and set the objectives according to the business environment around. Premier bank management carry out their plans quite intelligently. Planing: premier bank formulate it s plans and strategies accurately. Deposit Money: They collect deposit from publicRead MoreEssay about Gscm803 Words   |  4 PagesAfterwards the assembly of both the product is done at German assembly plant. Now due to recent development of the video capable in Bugabyte there is delay in production which contributes to 30 percent late delivery rate. Due to this reason the management decide to outsource the assembly process to one of the suppliers. They hired the services of Grunwald and Vogel to reduce the percentage of late delivery rate. The risk factors include in outsourcing the assembly process are as below: a) Quality:Read MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Ip Implementation Of International Game Technology956 Words   |  4 PagesHaspreet Kaur Submitted to = Ms. Vivien Li Table of contents A. Introduction: 3 B. The key goals the IGT wanted to achieve using an ERP system: 3 C. Advantages and disadvantages of customising the system: 3 D.Ways IGT needs to adopt to handle change management during ERP implementation: 4 E. Conclusion: 5 F. Reference: 6 â€Æ' A. Introduction: This assignment is having a case study on Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) implementation of International Game Technology (IGT), a manufacturer of slot machinesRead MoreManaging Information Overload1140 Words   |  5 Pageseffects on an organizations performance. Within, technical and social systems there are a collection of complex components that solve problems within that system. Knowledge management uses the combination and utilization of technology at every phase that is available within the organization. Social and technical framework for management of knowledge is an appropriate method than an organization can use to handle problems due to information overload. In using both a social and technical approach withinRead MoreDesigning A Validation Package For Quality Assurance965 Words   |  4 PagesComputerized Calculations  · Documentation produced from testing (evidence that the requirements of Section 5.3, 5.3, and 5.4 of this procedure have been met) 5.1.2. All phases of the validation will be approved by Quality Assurance. Laboratory management will assign a qualified person(s) to serve as Validator. 5.1.3. The validation will be assigned a title and version (e.g. 3-Nitro Result Calculator, Version 1.0). 5.1.4. The software name and version will be documented, along with theRead MoreElectronic Medical Record ( Emr )1685 Words   |  7 Pagesorganizations is to identify a problem. Once the problem is address you would idenitfy the decision makers and clarify the goals. So we would need back information about each practice which includes size, network info, and etc.We would need to the know the fuction of the electronic medical records. Aslo, the vdendor information such as the company history, employees, and etc. Electronic medical records will have a big impact on your practice so we have to make sure we choose the right vendor. This level ofRead MoreMy Pastime As A Child1375 Words   |  6 Pagesguide the student’s performance to the desired behavior by the teacher. If at least one student models good conduct it is possible for others to follow in the predicted behavior (Moore, 2011). This principle is important to integrate in a classroom management plan. Clear classroom strategies and interventions must be discussed and enforced to promote model behavior. However, the progressive attitudes can still be incorporated while such regulations are created. Students can be involved in the makingRead MoreThe Importance of an Efficient Group Work Activity 1807 Words   |  7 Pagesmost common problem in classes during my observations. It is so crucial problem, as it is accepted that group work helps students to enhance speaking skill by working together and communicating with each other. Group work and pair work is a class management strategy and the teachers’ role is facilitator. This role in group work is very difficult and very important. These reasons makes using group work activities so significant. â€Å"Groups often come up with more and better solutions than the individualRead MoreImportance of Budgets2532 Words   |  11 PagesBudgeting Methods There are two establish method for budgeting: top-down and bottom-up which is best for your project depends on your organization’s standard approach to decision making. Does management dictate most mandates? Or is the staff expected to produce ideas and decision that percolate up to management for final analysis? Your answer to this question will determine the most likely budgeting approach for the project.(G. Michael, 2007). Bottom-up Budgeting In bottom-up budgeting, staff members

Does God Protect Us free essay sample

We will question why it is important for Christians to understand how God’s providence works and where they will find strength in God during the midst of suffering. This topic is one of vital importance to help overcome obstacles in life and to grasp that faith in God doesn’t protect people in a way they sometimes expect to be protected. Badger-Saye’s article begins with what he regards as bad theology. He uses a letter that was sent to his friend who was suffering with cancer to demonstrate bad theology. The Christian women said in the letter that it was God’s will that he shall be miraculously healed, all he had to do was believe. If he was not healed, she implied it would be his own fault. She assumed that God controls all events, she had to create a justification for God’s apparent inaction in this case. In response to the letter the cancer patient refuted the idea that his faith had any direct affect on how he may be healed, but gave him strength in the face of suffering and to believe his suffering would be absent in his next life (Bader-Saye 2007). Furthermore to believe in a God that provided instant healing from suffering would mean that God had a bias toward the faithful, that granted their every wish. This belief contradicts the universal love of God as shown in the scriptures,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"I thank Christ Jesus our Lord, who has given me strength, that he considered me trustworthy, appointing me to his service. Even though I was once a blasphemer and a persecutor and a violent man, I was shown mercy because I acted in ignorance and unbelief. The grace of our Lord was poured out on me abundantly, along with the faith and love that are in Christ Jesus. † (1 Tim. 1:12). Bader-Saye also points out that Jesus made his view quite clear that suffering and tragedies did not result in a lack of faith, the victims did not deserve their death or affliction anymore than anyone else (Bader-Saye 2007). The protection that God provides us with is the assurance of provision and the promise of redemption. This is often not easy to comprehend when one is suffering or has witnessed terrible atrocities. The author points out how one should respond to the circumstances of one’s life, by using an acting analogy. The reaction to events that happen in one’s life or possibly God’s providence can be taken three ways, by accepting, blocking or overaccepting. To accept is simply to accept the situation. Blocking is the refusal to co-operate with the situation, either to reject or to begrudge the confronting issue. Overaccepting indicates a willingness to receive any situation as a piece to the larger life puzzle, trusting that redemption will come one day, in this life or the next (Bader-Saye 2007). Bader-Saye provides the story of Joseph in Genesis as an example to demonstrate overaccepting, â€Å"Even though you intended to do harm to me, God intended it for good† (Gen. 50:20). As a result of overaccepting one must believe that the end result will be good, because God epitomises good. â€Å"For it is God who works in you to will and to act in order to fulfill his good purpose. † (Phil 2:13) The most powerful example of overaccepting is the crucifixion of Jesus, he accepts the evil done to him to fulfill the will of God, and to accomplish the reason for his being. This tells us a great deal about how God acts in the world. If God does not use influencing power to block evil and suffering, then why should we expect God to manipulate the painful circumstances from which we seek. Bader-Saye concludes by stating that the seeking of the kingdom of God should be our first priority, being safe and secure in our personal lives should not take preference over being faithful. If being faithful leads to suffering or harm, then one should take security in Gods providence and redemption. One must trust that God will reincorporate all things in the heavenly city (Bader-Saye 2007). To grasp the concept of overaccepting can be quite trying during difficult times, it often tests ones faith to the limit. Some people who once believed in God’s providence eventually give up on God all together because they don’t see direct answers to their prayers. This is all the more reason to grasp overaccepting, so suffering is not permitted to defeat them and they can move on with their lives gratefully. Two common responses by people during times of despair are â€Å"It’s part of Gods plan,† and â€Å"God is punishing us for our wrong doing. Both of these statements assume that human freedom and responsibility can be limited by God’s plan (Scovell 2004). The assumption that God is the direct cause of all that happens in the world, implies that we are mere puppets controlled by the master . The second assumption, that God is punishing us for our wrong doings is as absurd as the first (Hauser 1995), the entire belief that Jesus died for our si ns gives us a chance to repent and confess our sins. To suggest God goes around enforcing suffering on sinners as punishment, is misguided, this removes the need of Jesus to have ever walked on this Earth . Evil does exist in the world. It strikes at the great and the obscure, the virtuous and the vile, the young and the old with arbitrary indifference (Artson 1998). Therefore it is inevitable that suffering will occur because of the existence of evil, but through overacceptance it can be overcome. Overacceptance involves forgiveness towards the cause of the infliction, to forgive with compassion and love, not excusing the offense but understanding the pain from which almost every offense proceeds. God is the one who forgives and reconciles, we can learn what it means by entering a relationship with God which risks being wounded (Garvey 1999). During the time of suffering how does God strengthen us? In the same way that God does not directly move us like chess pieces in the game of life, he does not directly exalt us by taking away our pain or relieve us from our worries. We find strength in God during suffering by knowing we are not facing our suffering alone, along with the promise of redemption and salvation. As Paul writes about his suffering, â€Å"Three times I pleaded with the Lord to take it away from me. But he said to me, ‘My grace is sufficient for you, for my power is made perfect in weakness. ’ Therefore I will boast all the more gladly about my weaknesses, so that Christ’s power may rest on me. That is why, for Christ’s sake, I delight in weaknesses, in insults, in hardships, in persecutions, in difficulties. For when I am weak, then I am strong. † (Hauser 1995) So to block the suffering as described by Bader-Saye, is to not use the strength found in God to move past the grievance and to not have the vision to see it amidst the bigger picture. Many of our troubles often turn out as blessings in disguise in the long run, â€Å"My troubles turned out all for the best, they forced me to learn from your textbook. † (Psalm 119:71) So to block them we are only prolonging the suffering and are not continuing towards the promise of God. In conclusion, the message from the tutorial reading makes a valuable point. Misfortunes and evil fall upon us unavoidably throughout our lives, they do not fall upon us as a result of ones bad behavior or because God controls every aspect of our lives. Suffering is often unable to be explained, sometimes words are not an appropriate response for the evil that is done. It is not easy to accept misfortune and eagerly look towards the future, as overaccepting implies. If we learn from Christ and attempt to comprehend the way he lived and faced hard times, and find strength in God during the times of suffering, it is possible to relieve the suffering and move past the circumstances of the moment, and direct ourselves towards the final Kingdom of God. Bibliography Artson, Bradley Shavit (1998), On Suffering, Tikkun, Volume 13 (Issue 4). Bader-Saye, Scott (2007) Following Jesus in a Culture of Fear [online text], Brazos Press Garvey, John (1999), A God who hurts, Commonweal, Volume 126 (Issue 17). Hauser, Richard J (1995), Where is God in suffering? , Religion and Theology, Vol 172 (Iss 12). Plantinga, Alvin Warranted Christian Belief, . Scovell, Rob (2004), Understanding Gods Plan, Waikato Times.

U.S. Foreign Policy in Vietnam Essay Example For Students

U.S. Foreign Policy in Vietnam Essay U.S. ForeignPolicy in VietnamIn the history of the United States, ourforeign policy has caused many disputes over the proper role in internationalaffairs. Because of the unique beliefs and ideals by which we livein this country, we feel obligated to act as leaders of the world and helpother countries in need. Therefore, the U.S. has attempted to somehowcombine this attitude with economic and strategic gain. After WorldWar II, the Cold War was initiated, and Americas fear of communism ledTruman to begin the endeavors of the containment of communism. As a result, the U.S. became involved with Korea and then Vietnam. The U.S. was determined not to let South Vietnam fall to the communistsbecause President Eisenhower once stated that the fall of Vietnam wouldhave a domino effect. Unfortunately, not everyone viewed Vietnamthe same way as Eisenhower. Opponents of the war believed that theU.S. had no right to intervene in this civil war, while supporters maintainthe attitude of moral obligation for the world by defending freedom anddemocracy from communism. Three historians in Conflict and Consensuscarefully examine our foreign policy and involvement in the Vietnam War. We will write a custom essay on U.S. Foreign Policy in Vietnam specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Each article emphasizes different points and explains how one of the mostpowerful countries in the world lost the war. In the first article, Gods Country andAmerican Know-How, Loren Baritz argues that the American myth of superioritybased on nationalism, technology, and moral ideals brought the U.S. intothe war. The Americans never understood the Vietnamese culture andtheir true sentiments on the war. Nevertheless, because of our powerand moral prowess, the U.S. was confident that we would prevail. This was our biggest mistake; we were blind and ignorant(473). Baritz states that we were frustrated by the incomprehensible behaviorof our Vietnamese enemies and bewildered by the inexplicable behavior ofour Vietnamese friends(470). Because of our isolation on the NorthAmerican Continent, the U.S. had a difficult time understanding the exoticcultures around the world, especially Vietnam. Thus, as a directresult, Americans considered foreign courtesies and rituals crude and inferiorto the customs of the civilized country of America. This point isquite sad and embarassing, but Baritz points out that cultural isolation(476)occurs all over the world. It is the Solipsistic philosophy thatthe universe revolves around the earth, just as all the nations of theworld revolve around the U.S. According to John Winthrop, we arethe Chosen People(473) because of Gods favor and presence. Soare we obligated to set the standards of culture for the world? Becauseof our prominence and success as a prosperous nation, we stand forth asleaders; however, no country ca n define the culture of another nation. The U.S. failed to understand that everyone prefers their own language,diet and funeral customs(475). Upon first impression, the Americansoldiers viewed the Vietnamese people as savages because they lived likeanimals(470). Thus, the soldiers failed to appreciate the organicnature of Vietnamese society, the significance of village life, the meaningof ancestors, the relationship of the family to the state, the subordinaterole of the individual, and the eternal quest for universal agreement(470). Just because the Vietnamese were poor, we presumed that they were beggingfor our help; we were attempting to build a nation in our own image(471). Furthermore, it is not the ingratitude or stupidity(470) which sparkedthe Vietnamese resistance against U.S. soldiers but rather a cultural misunderstanding. Baritz believes that this ignorance ofculture is one of the primary reasons why we lost the war. Dr. HenryKissinger even admitted that no one in this government understands NorthVietnam(471). We even thought we understood the Vietnamese to someextent by thinking that life is cheap in the Orient(471). However,this ridiculous comment rose from our ability to use technology to protectour own troops while the North Vietnamese were forced to rely on people,their only resource(471). This meant that the Vietnamese were willingto sacrifice as many men as possible to win the war. Our ignoranceprevented us from overcoming this kind of warfare. As for the cultural misunderstanding ofour allies, the South Vietnamese, Baritz points out one custom which theAmerican soldiers could not tolerate: soldiers holding hands. Vietnamesesoldiers held hands with other accompanying soldiers. This was ashow of friendship for the Vietnamese, but for Americans, holding handswas a sign of homosexuality. American soldiers measured up to themilitarys definition of manhood(472) by compeletely condemning homosexuality. This simple custom caused many problems between the U.S. soldiers and theSouth Vietnamese. Baritz now provides the other argumentfor entering the Vietnam War: The Cold War. In this argument,the U.S. is more concerned with showing off our strong military power withstrategic planning in the nuclear arms race against the Soviet Union. They Soviets knew, and we knew, that this threat was not entirely real,and that it freed the Soviets to engage in peripheral adventures becausethey correctly believed that we would not destroy the world over Korea,Berlin, Hungary or Czechoslovakia(480). Thus, we extended the armsrace in limited wars(480) around the globe. We demonstrated thisin Korea, and the situation is the same in Vietnam; we had to find a technologyto win without broadening the war(481). We felt invincible; up tothe Vietnam War, we had never lost a war. We had already beatenthe Indians, French, British, Mexicans, Spaniard, Germans, Italians, Japanese,Koreans, and Chinese(479). The U.S. was becoming too confident inrelying on our technology to beat the North Vietnamese. We thoughtwe could bomb them into their senses with only limited human costs to ourselves(483). Technology gave us the ability to organize precise strategic maneuversand attacks, but unfortunately, the simple guerrilla warfare of the Vietnamesewas overpowering. Our national myth showed us that we were good,our technology made us strong and our bureaucracy gave us standard operatingprocedures(483), but even with this combination, the strategy was notgood enough to win the war. In the second article, The Legacy of Vietnam,Guenter Lewy carefully discusses the assumption that Vietnam and all ofSoutheast Asia are important for strategic and economic gains for the U.S. For strategic purposes, Lewy believes that by defeating the North Vietnamese,America might contain Communist China because the Chinese threatened tochange the status quo in Asia by force(485). As mentioned before,Truman wanted to contain communism and prevent the rapid spread of theevil, and Eisenhower believed that controlling Vietnam was the key to continuethe containment. However, Lewy believes that the containmentof China by defeating Vietnam is not necessary. Asia is a very largecontinent. It has a diversity of cultures, traditions, states, andso on. Nations like their independence in Asia just as much as theydo in other parts of the world. To assume that some mystic inevitabilityhas decreed that they are all to be swallowed up in the Chines empire isnot convincing(485). Lewy thinks that Eisenhowers prediction ofthe domino effect was wrong. In fact Lewy believed that Americanpolicy makers went into Vietnam because of fear for the grand allianceof communism that would dominate As ia. The importance of Vietnamis over exaggerated. By 1969 South Vietnam accounted for less than onepercent of American import(487). This obviously shows the unimportanceof the economic gains in Vietnam Even if these imports were importantto United States economy, it seems that the commodities produced by thearea, such as rubber, tin and coconut oil were not irreplaceable(486). .u0f6ed942b1b7c502ed9de1316fa5d9a7 , .u0f6ed942b1b7c502ed9de1316fa5d9a7 .postImageUrl , .u0f6ed942b1b7c502ed9de1316fa5d9a7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0f6ed942b1b7c502ed9de1316fa5d9a7 , .u0f6ed942b1b7c502ed9de1316fa5d9a7:hover , .u0f6ed942b1b7c502ed9de1316fa5d9a7:visited , .u0f6ed942b1b7c502ed9de1316fa5d9a7:active { border:0!important; } .u0f6ed942b1b7c502ed9de1316fa5d9a7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0f6ed942b1b7c502ed9de1316fa5d9a7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0f6ed942b1b7c502ed9de1316fa5d9a7:active , .u0f6ed942b1b7c502ed9de1316fa5d9a7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0f6ed942b1b7c502ed9de1316fa5d9a7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0f6ed942b1b7c502ed9de1316fa5d9a7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0f6ed942b1b7c502ed9de1316fa5d9a7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0f6ed942b1b7c502ed9de1316fa5d9a7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0f6ed942b1b7c502ed9de1316fa5d9a7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0f6ed942b1b7c502ed9de1316fa5d9a7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0f6ed942b1b7c502ed9de1316fa5d9a7 .u0f6ed942b1b7c502ed9de1316fa5d9a7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0f6ed942b1b7c502ed9de1316fa5d9a7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: great depression interview paper EssayThe only commodity that South Vietnam had that was important to the U.S. is the potential oil off the shores. Yet the discovery is not madeuntil 1970, twenty years after the conflict had started. Needlessto say, Lewy concluded, this discovery in 1970 can hardly explain decisionstaken in the previous 20 years(487). Even as the war dragged on, the validityof American claim in Vietnam diminished. The valid fear for the spreadof Red Asia under the leadership of Russia came to a halt in the mid-1960s. As Lewy pointed out Russia and China were no longer close allies but openenemies. It is therefore no valid claim to stay in Vietnam for theworld communist movement no longer represented a monolith(487). China turned inward and focus more on its cultural revolution. Interms of foreign policy, China sought new allies to counter-balance thepresence of its hostile Northern neighbors. The admission of Chinainto the United nations in 1971 proved the new direction that Chinese foreignpolicy head toward. As Lewy stated, Communism had ceased to be thewave of the future(487). It seems that after series of claims tobe in Vietnam fell short, the only reason to go in is the preservationof democracy. Democracy is the one claim which compelled us to stayin Vietnam. Yet again Lewy doubted the great moral claim. Hebelieved that United motives to go into Vietnam was not as altruistic asit seemed; the main motive of the war was to defend the title of UnitedStates as the dominant power in the world. Such challenge is statedwhen North Vietnamese Defense Minster declared in July 1964 that SouthVietnam is the vanguard fighter of the nation liberation movement in thepresent era and the failure of the special war unleashed by the U.S. imperialists in South Vietnam would mean that this war can be defeatedanywhere in the world. (487) It is not surprising that presidentsimmediately begin to declare Vietnam as a vital interest of U.S.200,000 U.S military personnel were in Vietnam by early 1966, despite thefact that Vietnam was not a region of major military of industrial importance.(488) United States was ready to defend its world supremacy throughthe battles of Vietnam. What was worse for the United States wasthe arrogant attitude. United States was not like France, who couldwithdraw from Indochina and North Africa without a serious loss of prestige.(488) Many people believed this philosophy to be true. In facteven as the situation became worse during Johnsons and Nixons administration,it was still important to liquidate the American commitment without ahumiliating defeat. (488) The defeat however is inevitable and theimpact of the war was more devastating than the optimistic Americans hadpredicted. The fall of Vietnam marks the most humiliatingdefeat in American History. Americans were awaken by the trauma ofVietnam. A No more Vietnams psychology sprung up all over the country. Lewy commented that American turn to isolationism in hope that such andisaster will never happen again. Lewy stated that the United Statescannot and should not be the worlds policeman. (490) The resultfor taking up a moral burden such as Vietnam only results in the severecasualties. Despite what the American ideal for democracy, Lewy concluded,we can not support and change the world. The Statesman cannot bea saint (491) as the Korean Conflict and Vietnam conflict had shown tothe American people. The American idealism changed significantlybecause of the impact of Vietnam war. Lewy ended his essay with one of the mostfrequently asked questions: could the United States have won in Vietnam?Lewy suggested that United States started off on the wrong foot in thebeginning. Simple motives like fighting for democracy in Vietnamand halting communist aggression while having some truth in them arenot enough to justify the position of U.S. intervention. PresidentJohnson also made a mistake in the beginning of the war because of hisconfidence. He constantly spoke of success and light at the endof the tunnel, but continued to dispatch additional troops while casualtiesmounted steadily. (492) The turning of the war from a limited warto a full scale occurred as more troops were sent in. Yet while Johnsonwas willing to send in more troops, he was unwilling to declare war. American people did not know what they were fighting for because of theundeclared war. Further, without industrial mobilization on the homefront, the mission was destined to fail. The nation ended up fightinga limited with the full employment of its military power restricted throughelaborate rules of engagements and limitations while for its determinedopponent the war was total. (492)Lewy did not deny that the war was lostmilitarily. In fact he believed that U.S. strategy was wrong fromthe beginning. He wrote that the U.S. failed to understand the realstakes in a revolutionary war. (497) United States army failed torealize the objective of the war. Edward G. Landsdale once wrotethat the Vietnamese Communist generals saw their armed forces a instrumentsprimarily to gain political goals. The American generals saw their forcesprimarily as instruments to defeat enemy military forces. (497)As a result Lewy concluded, the enemys endurance and supply of manpowerproved stronger than American persistence in keeping up the struggle.(497) The resolute Vietnamese opposition simply demoralized our willto fight. When they suffered major casualties it strengthened themwhile it weaken United States morale when we suffered major casualties. Finally Lewy believed that The United States had set out on the wrong footfrom the beginning. The war, Lewy commented, not only had to bewon in South Vietnam, but it had to be won by the South Vietnamese. (497)Yet it seems that from the beginning of the conflict, The Republic of Vietnamdid not have the zeal that the U.S. did. The United States howeverfailed to stress the importance of the role the South Vietnamese shouldplay. As a result the war could not be won because we were not Vietnamese. Henry Kissinger inevitably concluded that outside effort can only supplement,but not create local efforts and local will to resist. (499) TheUnited States could neither win a war nor lose one because it is not ourwar. The failure of the Vietnamese people to take their active rolesin their revolutionary war was the cause for the lost war. Lewy thereforeconcluded that with the war lost on the enemy front, home front and theVietnamese front, the war in Vietnam could not be won. .ue20df6343133550624a738c082a069c3 , .ue20df6343133550624a738c082a069c3 .postImageUrl , .ue20df6343133550624a738c082a069c3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue20df6343133550624a738c082a069c3 , .ue20df6343133550624a738c082a069c3:hover , .ue20df6343133550624a738c082a069c3:visited , .ue20df6343133550624a738c082a069c3:active { border:0!important; } .ue20df6343133550624a738c082a069c3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue20df6343133550624a738c082a069c3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue20df6343133550624a738c082a069c3:active , .ue20df6343133550624a738c082a069c3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue20df6343133550624a738c082a069c3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue20df6343133550624a738c082a069c3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue20df6343133550624a738c082a069c3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue20df6343133550624a738c082a069c3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue20df6343133550624a738c082a069c3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue20df6343133550624a738c082a069c3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue20df6343133550624a738c082a069c3 .ue20df6343133550624a738c082a069c3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue20df6343133550624a738c082a069c3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Romance that took place in Act 2 EssayFinally, in The Last War, The Next War,and The New Revisionists Walter LaFeber also attempts to address the Vietnamquestion. He first addresses the reason for the losing of the war. He brings up the Westmoreland Thesis which argued that the conflict wasnot lost on the battlefield, but at home where overly sensitive politiciansfollowed a no-win policy to accommodate a misguided minority opposition.and that the enemy finally won the war politically in Washington. (500)Other revisionist historians like Gelband Betts proposed that it was notthe system; that failed the failure was to be blamed on the Americanpeople who never understood the war and finally tired of it, and on thePresident who supinely followed the people. (501) Lewy, anotherhistorian further, clarified Westmorelands argument that antiwar groupswrongly labeled Vietnam illegal and immoral. But Lewy inevitablydestroyed Westmorelands thesis when he mentioned the massacre at My Laiand at Cam Ne. The blame for losing the war, therefore LaFeber concluded,is split among the Revisionists and the other historians. LaFeber then addresses the impact of thewar to build up his thesis of the Revisionists. He argues that Vietnamgreatly altered the world balance of power and that American powerhas dramatically declined, politically as well as militarily. (501)The lessons of Vietnam invariably became the basis for American foreignpolicy for the next decade. The Afghanistan and Iran crisis duringCarters administration showed that lessons of Vietnam had finally takenitself in the form of the nations policy. Furthermore, Ronald Reaganproclaimed in one of speeches that we must rid ourselves of the Vietnamsyndrome. (503) Therefore LaFeber concluded that the lesson of Vietnamhad changed U.S. foreign policy greatly. Lastly, LaFeber discusses the argumentsof the new revisionists. He criticizes their explicit claims andthe facts that they chose to ignore. The new revisionists claim thatthe country has been misguided by the opinions of the minority is notcorrectly stated. Herbert Schandlers study had shown that the latestpublic opinions rallied behind the president. (503) Even as the antiwarmovements increased during late 1970, the public opinions did not turnthe president. LaFeber showed that it did not stop Nixon from expandingthe conflict into Cambodia and Laos. (504) Therefore LaFeber concludedthat the Antiwar movements had been greatly overrated by the Revisionists. The Revisionist instead should emphasize the defeat military in Vietnam. The Revisionists also concentrated too much on the Soviet Union. Instead they should focus on the instability of the Third World areasthat the Soviets have at times turned to their own advantage. (505)The Revisionists therefore did not understand where the problems were insouth East Asia. LaFeber also stressed that the Revisionist had underestimatedUnites States military power. American military will is not lacking;the troops as LaFeber pointed out were supported by the most powerfulnaval and air force ever used in Asia. (505) Bombs were droppedevery minute on Vietnam. Therefore neither the will nor the poweris lacking in the war. The war was lost not because U.S. declinedin power but rather from the overestimation of American Power. (505)The Revisionists, suggested LaFeber, over-exaggerated some of the issues. If the power of United States wereoverestimated, the war then was lost because of the aid of our allies andthe cost of the war. The Revisionists often overlooked this subject,LaFeber argued. He pointed out that of the forty nations tied tothe United States by treaties only four- Australia, New Zealand, SouthKorea, and Thailand- committed any combat troops. (506) Even SouthKorea, a country which owed much to U.S., only send troops after Washingtonbribed them. The failure of the aid from the coalition eventuallyundermined the U.S. effort in Vietnam. The will of the people whichthe Revisionists stressed as the downfall of the war is also affected bythe cost of the war. The American people simply did not want to fighta bread and butter war. Domestically, the Great Society Program mustbe sacrificed to accommodate the war. The great cost of the war eventuallyinfluenced the public sentiment so much that the will of people favorspeace. By overlooking the two key aspects of the war, LaFeber c oncluded,the Revisionists attempt to make the war more acceptable, and hopedto make the next war legitimate, even before where it will be or whatit will be fought over. (508)These three articles in Conflict and Consensusall showed remarkably similarity not only in their subjects but also intheir opinions. They all attempted to address why the United Stateslost the war. In doing so they also addressed the attitude of Americanpeople and the military forces. They analyzed the strength of theU.S. military power and the Vietnamese forces. They all asked thequestion of why the war started and what importance was Vietnam. But despite the similarities of the three articles, they differ in details. While Baritz addressed the loss of Vietnam,he attributed the loss to the ignorance and haughty attitude of Vietnam. She stressed the myth of America as the Gods chosen country and believedthat we lost the war because we were too arrogant and too confident ofourselves. Baritz argued that Americans put too much faith into technology,Bureaucracy and the myth. These things she addressed as the downfallof United States. Lewy shared a different view when he attemptedto address the loss of Vietnam. He attacked the conflict from thebeginning, doubting the importance of Vietnam and United States motiveto interfere. He also addressed some of the major forces that turnedpublic opinion against the war such as TV, the lack of declaration of war,and the antiwar movements. On a military scale, Lewy also addressedthe ineptitude of the American army to fight a revolutionary war and thefailure to draw the Vietnamese into their own war. Lewy proposeda more comprehensive theory from the beginning to the end of how the UnitedStates could lose the war. LaFebers interest in his article howeveris not addressing how Ameri ca lost the war. But nevertheless by rejectingsome of the Revisionists points of view, he revealed a different scopeof the war. He rejected Westmorelands theory and pointed out thatthe public sentiment was favoring the president and the war. He rejectedthe focus of the war on Communism and Russia to show that the South EastAsia problem is a question of stability not communism. LaFeber alsopointed out the common misunderstanding of the conflicts central politicaland military features. He believed that United States overestimatedits own power. Furthermore he revealed the reluctance of Americanallies to commit its troops, and he revealed that the public is unwillingto sacrifice butter for guns. LaFebers view therefore is extremelydifferent from the two historians mentioned before yet he still attemptedto address the same questions.

Uzbekistans History, Economic and Culture

Uzbekistan is a country in central Asia which boarders Kazakhstan in the northern side, Kyrgyzstan in the eastern side and Tajikistan in the southern eastern side. During the 4th century B.C it was under the Persian rule that had been conquered by Alexander the Great.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Uzbekistan’s History, Economic and Culture specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The region incorporated Islam as a religion in 8th century when the Arab forces invaded the land. Around the 13th century the region was taken over by the Mongols from the Seljuk Turks. The 16th century saw the region been merged with their neighbors but was not to last for long as the region broke into principalities (Adams 19). However, the city-states, which included khanates, Kokand and Bukhara were not to last for long as the Russians conquered them in the 19th century. In 1924, the territory was a republic but it is in 19 25 that it became an independent under socialist republic. However, in 1991 the country declared its independence making September 1st their national holiday. The country today enjoys independence with a presidential rule. Economically, the people of Uzbekistan are agriculturalist, however, the country is endowed with many minerals. Cotton has been their main produce but has recently been replaced by natural gas. The other minerals that the Uzbekistan people are involved with are gold and uranium. The country has recently grown to be a manufacturing country, especially in the automobiles industrial where they are a big exporter to Russian market. The state has always been in control of most business enterprises, but in the recent past free market has been endorsed (Oliker 46). It is not easy to determine the growth rate of the country because the government keeps unreliable records. However, it is notable much of the wealth of the country is held by the elite in the society with alm ost a quarter of the population living below the poverty line. The government has been instrumental in preventing the country from facing capital outflow by ensuring that the country adopts the policy of substitution of their imports. The actions of the government to control economic activities have even made convertibility of different currencies of the world. The low economy has transformed to some of the individuals in the country getting involved to human trafficking business. The business usually involves girls, as they are traffics to other countries as prostitutes (BoÄ ­kova 181). Amongst the people of Uzbekistan, the elders are the most respected people in the society. They have a mode of greetings where the men put their hands on the heart of other men when greeting them, while women usually put their right hands on each other’s elbow. The mode of dressing especially to women was such that they were to cover their bodies with their heads looking down to avoid any at tention. The people of Uzbekistan are mostly Muslims with a small percentage of people enjoying other religions like Buddhist and Jewish.Advertising Looking for research paper on geography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Traditionally, matters of marriage were left to the man and the women but the approval of the parent was important. Virginity among the women was upheld and women were expected to be married much earlier than the men. Bride price had to be paid by the family of the man, and the cost incurred in the marriage ceremony was covered by the family of the wife (Hanks 83). There were defined duties of both men and women. While men were expected to work outside, the house women were expected to work indoors engaging in activities like weaving and spinning using cotton. Women were expected to cover the whole of their bodies when in public and they viewed it as observance of their faith (Adams 17). Traditional medicine was also incorporated in their treatment where herbs were used for treatment. There was also a taboo of drinking cold drinks since it was viewed as the reason why people caught cold. Arts performance that dated back during the soviet rule is still practiced. They include the crafts work as well as miniature painting. However, the practice of their music by the instruments they used in past is still in practice. Dotars that were put on the legs, flutes, and small drums are still used in the performance of their art. Unlike other countries in central Asia, Uzbekistan has adhered to the principle of legal stability. The constitution gives rights to the people to own private property and it views it as a way of giving self-respect to the people as well as a way of developing the society. Solid constitutional bases have been laid down through the years to promote and upgrade political and social relations. Economic freedom of the citizens has been highly promoted as well as the spirit of entrepreneurship with an aim of eliminating the repugnant old command-administrative system. The country has also incorporated a legal and organization environment where the society of Uzbekistan integrates with the world. Uzbekistan has adopted an open door policy that grants foreign investors reliable regal guarantee and broad economic opportunities in the economic activities. The environment for foreign investors has continually been improved as well as simplification of the procedures that are involved in creation of manufacturing enterprise for foreigners (Karimov 172). Regulatory acts created by Uzbekistan have had a comprehensive system of taxation and incentive against poetical and commercial risk for the foreigners. In turn, there has been active participation by foreign investors in this country. Some of their favorable policies to the foreigners are: freedom of buying property that the state has already privatized as well as ownership rights to these properties. Enterpri ses owned by foreigners are allowed to export without licenses as well to import duty free property from joint ventures (Karimov 173).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Uzbekistan’s History, Economic and Culture specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Economic relations between Uzbekistan and the United States have mostly been controlled by the bi-literal trade agreement signed by the two countries. The agreement was signed in 1994 and one of the benefits the agreements had to Uzbekistan was that it had an exemption provision to many of the United States importing tariffs. In the year 2000, the two countries signed a bilateral investment treaty but it did not come into force because of the weak economic reforms in Uzbekistan. In terms of imports and exports, Uzbekistan imports machines and equipment. Also inclusive in the list of the imports are chemical products and food items, especially the ones that d eal in plastics. The exports to the United States include inorganic chemistry products machines and equipment (Group Taylor Francis 2548). American companies have also been involved in investing in Uzbekistan economy in establishment of technological base in both agriculture and mining sectors. Infrastructure and food processing are also other sectors of the economy where American companies have actively involved themselves in. The American company General Motors has also established a strong link with the government of Uzbekistan and collaborated in manufacturing of cars. It is also notable that Uzbekistan is the biggest export of uranium in United States (Zhukov 213). The relation between United States and Uzbekistan can be traced back to 1991 when Uzbekistan was established as an independent nation. The following year saw the establishment of Uzbekistan embassy in United States. From that time, as part of the U.S policy, campaigns have been launched to support Uzbekistan upheld the rule of law. The relationship between the two countries increased after September 11 attacks, which led to the war in Afghanistan. However, the closeness between the two countries went a drift when United States requested the international community to get involved in investigating the Andijon violence of 2005. The reason behind sourness in the relations on was because Uzbekistan did not want involvement of United States or other European powers in influencing the government activities. However, year 2007 saw the two countries improving the relationship among them (Thackrah 240).Advertising Looking for research paper on geography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The relations were all round as they included security issues civil issues as well as economic issues. It is also an attempt by the United States to ensure that there is peace in central Asia since Uzbekistan is the country with the biggest population and the most instrumental in keeping stability. The new relation between the two countries has since to improve to the best as in the United States assistance budget there was a provision that seeks to ensure better livelihood for the people of Uzbekistan (Group Taylor Francis 554). The relationship between the two countries has also promoted the level of education in Uzbekistan as many students from Uzbekistan have studied in American universities. Works Cited Adams, Laura L. â€Å"The Spectacular State: Culture and National Identity in Uzbekistan.† Durham: Duke University Press , 2010. Print BoÄ ­kova Elena Vladimirovna, R. B. Rybakov. â€Å"Kinship in the Altaic world: proceedings of the 48th Permanent International Altais tic Conference, Moscow 10-15 July, 2005.† Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag , 2006. Print Group, Taylor Francis. â€Å"Eastern Europe, Russia and Central Asia 2004, Volume 4.† Lndon: Routledge , 2003. Print Group, Taylor Francis. â€Å"Europa World Year Book 2, Book 2.† London: Taylor Francis, 2004. Print Hanks, Reuel R. â€Å"Central Asia: a global studies handbook.† Califonia: ABC-CLIO, 2005. Print Karimov, I. A. â€Å"Uzbekistan on the threshold of the twenty-first century: challenges to stability and progress.† New York: Palgrave Macmillan , 1998. Print Oliker Olga, Thomas S. Szayna. â€Å"Faultlines of conflict in Central Asia and the south Caucasus: implications for the U.S. Army, Issue 1598.† Califonia: Rand Corporation, 2003. Print Thackrah, John Richard. â€Å"Dictionary of terrorism.† New York: Routledge , 2004. Print Zhukov, Boris Z. Rumer Stanislav Viï ¸  aï ¸ ¡cheslavovich. â€Å"Central Asia: the challenges of ind ependence.† New York: M.E. Sharpe , 1998. Print This research paper on Uzbekistan’s History, Economic and Culture was written and submitted by user Silver Gorilla to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Envy

Envy The Oxford definition of envy is a feeling of discontented or resentful longing aroused by another’s better fortune (Allen 392). The focus of the seven deadly sins is based on religious thought. Envy is defined religiously as† thou shall not covet.† According to the Roman Catholic catechisms envy is considered a â€Å"venial† sin, but it would need to be confessed. Thus, if an individual commits a venial sin and does not confess, one would have to spend time in purgatory before entering heaven (Matusiak). Kevin J. Rice states that the Methodist position that envy is an emotion and that it is the feeling of glee that a person has. Accordingly the individual does not envy an object but envies the people who use the object. One instance would be,† I am not envious of a Corvette; I am envious of a person who owns a Corvette because I would like the emotions of glee, power, and speed that come with driving it† (Rice). Analyzing the word o rigin, the term envy is the Latin word invidere, which meant to look at askance or to see with malice. The Latin root word comes from the Greek, eidos, meaning form or idea (Iyer). In the twentieth century Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalytical theory, defined envy as a major characteristic of emotional distress. His classic example is the Electra theory in which younger girls envied the male penis and thus felt inadequate throughout their lifetime. Freud’s position was based upon Judaic thought and the culture of his time in the nineteenth century Austria (Sigmund). Throughout recorded history are many incidences of groups, religions, and nations who envy each other. Spain in the sixteenth century was probably the richest of the European nations after they looted the Americans of billions in gold. They were constantly at war, their ships were plundered, and their treasures were scattered to the Holy Roman Empire (Zevin 367). Currently, the poorer Muslim ... Free Essays on Envy Free Essays on Envy Envy The Oxford definition of envy is a feeling of discontented or resentful longing aroused by another’s better fortune (Allen 392). The focus of the seven deadly sins is based on religious thought. Envy is defined religiously as† thou shall not covet.† According to the Roman Catholic catechisms envy is considered a â€Å"venial† sin, but it would need to be confessed. Thus, if an individual commits a venial sin and does not confess, one would have to spend time in purgatory before entering heaven (Matusiak). Kevin J. Rice states that the Methodist position that envy is an emotion and that it is the feeling of glee that a person has. Accordingly the individual does not envy an object but envies the people who use the object. One instance would be,† I am not envious of a Corvette; I am envious of a person who owns a Corvette because I would like the emotions of glee, power, and speed that come with driving it† (Rice). Analyzing the word o rigin, the term envy is the Latin word invidere, which meant to look at askance or to see with malice. The Latin root word comes from the Greek, eidos, meaning form or idea (Iyer). In the twentieth century Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalytical theory, defined envy as a major characteristic of emotional distress. His classic example is the Electra theory in which younger girls envied the male penis and thus felt inadequate throughout their lifetime. Freud’s position was based upon Judaic thought and the culture of his time in the nineteenth century Austria (Sigmund). Throughout recorded history are many incidences of groups, religions, and nations who envy each other. Spain in the sixteenth century was probably the richest of the European nations after they looted the Americans of billions in gold. They were constantly at war, their ships were plundered, and their treasures were scattered to the Holy Roman Empire (Zevin 367). Currently, the poorer Muslim ...

Women of Color at the Workplace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Women of Color at the Workplace - Essay Example Today, the community comprises almost one-fifth of the workforce in the United States. Research indicates that major developments have happened regarding the recruitment of women of color in the recent past. The enlisting of each segment of women looked into such as Black American, Latino, Asian and Aboriginals, increased in the recent past (Amott and Matthaei 157). More females from all the categories are absorbed as officials and key members of the executive teams in the industrial sector. This paper examines how women of color used feminism to increase their power in the workplace. Statistics According to Amott and Matthaei (53) â€Å"Native Americans struggling for tribal autonomy and for the recognition of broken treaties have also had to confront corporate greed †¦Ã¢â‚¬  This implies that women of color have achieved tremendous gains, in terms of population at the workplace and the statuses of workplace environments, though not easily. Despite the progress made, there ar e still a number of stubborn occurrences which require more concern. Quite a large number of women of color tend to prefer particular industrial sectors and seem to have concentrated in insignificant occupational positions. Statistics indicate that â€Å"Native American women’s labor force participation rates rose sharply between 1970 and 1990, from 35 percent to 55 percent† (Amott and Matthaei 59). Nevertheless, in the recent past, they have achieved the smallest returns regarding total absorption into jobs and positions of significance, far smaller than the level of growth of Latinos and Asians. In the meantime, black women surpass their work force percentage as sales employees, clerical officers and those in the service sector. Notably, the Nursing and Residential Care Facilities sector absorbs the largest proportion of Black American women vis-a-vis the greatest proportion of women in general. Replacing men during World War I Whereas the chance for the women to ext end their careers came into fore during the First World War, there were several grounds why women of color transformed their principles to occupy the new job opportunities left by men. The main reason behind more women power at the workplace was inspired by patriotism factor. The then message from the government summoned women to support the country. Equally linked to this patriotic call was the need to engage in something more fascinating and different, and an issue which would enhance the combat effort. Higher remuneration, also partly contributed, as did the prevailing shore up in social status, though a number of women of color took up the opportunities in the workplace out of absolute need, because of the government program, which differed by country and eventually rooted for only the families of absent military officers did not meet the shortage. Unions and strikes Although, the war resulted in many new options for the women and job opportunities, it did not normally impact an increase in the earnings of the women, which were traditionally much poorer than men’s. In the United States, for instance, rather than offer a woman what a man would have pocketed, according to government policies on equal regulations, recruiters divided responsibilities down into less significant tasks, employing more women of color for each task and offering them peanuts for carrying out the responsibility. This increased the bureaucracy of the women, but shrunk their earnings. During the World War I, women organized strikes citing meager pay, developments that lasted days or several weeks as the war transpired. Amott and Matthaei (56) indicate that in 1980s, â€Å"American Indian women continued to form pan-Indian women’s organizations for self-determination and against sexism.†

The argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

The argument - Essay Example It is also believed that India was one of the few countries which pioneered the consumption of this plant as a tool for recreation and relaxation. The Sadhus and the Gurus who practiced the art of spiritual elevation found this plant to be extremely useful for their purpose. Ancient Hindu text Soma Veda refers to Marijuana as the â€Å"food of the thinking mind.† (ElSohly, Mahmoud) Despite being termed as a life saving drug, there are a number of side effects of this plant because of which the legalization of marijuana has not yet had a concrete stance in the law making process. Marijuana comes from the plant known as Cannabis Sativa. The major psychoactive compound in the plant is known as THC, and this is the element which is responsible for the psychoactive effects in the human mind. The female plant of Cannabis Sativa is consumed by people as it is said to be more potent with THC than the male plant. Marijuana has been used for medicinal as well as recreational purposes. I t influences the human body and mind in many different ways and even has the power of changing the mood to the perception of the human mind for a particular object. It enhances hunger when consumed and can lead to weight loss among those who consume it. It relaxes the muscles and also helps the mind calm down after the THC molecules hit the ‘cannabinoid’ receptors which are present in the human mind. ... The reason is valid as they understand that no matter what the law says, people will still be able to find means to procure Marijuana and consume it for their relaxation purposes. (Iversen, Leslie) However, they fail to understand that in spite of them consuming the plant in such a fashion, it remains a fact that this is not the legal way and they are going beyond the boundaries of law to procure and use this item. This is where the argument of legalizing Marijuana erupts, as those who want to smoke it and want it to be legalized raise their voice. These are the people who say that the boundaries of law have to be stretched to accommodate those societies which have been living on this plant for centuries now. However, there is strong counter argument from the other camp, as they believe that it is a drug and has extremely volatile effects on the human mind and body, and therefore it should never be legalized. The topic is indeed compelling and timely. The argument of legalizing Marij uana will never run out of time. It has been a debate which has been going on for ages now and the whole process of societies opening up to it and accepting it the way they have accepted alcohol will take a lot of time and effort, from those who want to legalize it and also from those who think it is in the right domain to legalize it and let the people decide for themselves. People from all walks of life have indulged in this ecstasy, be it the rock stars, the founding fathers of USA, or the common average man smoking in his courtyard, or the young students in college ready to take on the mantle of their life. It has been used and consumed by every kind of person out there and

World Bank project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

World Bank project - Essay Example Some of the main economic sectors that the Senegalese government feels that continued skill development should be enhanced include the tourism sector, horticulture and poultry farming sectors. The initiative by the World Bank to fund the training programme for the young people in Senegal has led to massive improvements in the job market. In addition, the cases of joblessness among the young people in Senegal has significantly reduced. The project was awarded a $35 million loan for full implementation. The project is very beneficial to the economic development of Senegal. The project will improve the level of skills among the young people. In essence, the project will aid in the diversification of the economic activities in Senegal. Over 60% of the total Senegalese population is employed in the agriculture. However, the contribution of agriculture to the country’s economic growth is less than twenty percent. In this regard, offering sufficient relevant training to the young people in the fields of agriculture and tourism can aid in boosting the economic growth of the country. The project aims at increasing the country’s agricultural production and to boost returns from tourism activities. In essence, the project will boost the contribution of common economic activities to the country’s economic growth and development. Most young people are idle because of lack of skills in the various industries. Young people are very productive since they are energetic and can easily adapt to changes. Actually, the young people have a better understanding capacity compared to the old people. In this case, offering training to the young people is very economic since they understand concepts at a higher rate than the old people. For this reason, the project will aid in boosting the level knowledge among the young people and reduce idleness in the streets. The project will aid the Senegalese

Study of Nikon Corporation

Study of Nikon Corporation The Nikon has gone global and divides the globe to six regions of its operation which are the Americas, Europe, Asia, Oceania, Middle East, and Africa. The products have also been grouped in to imaging products (Digital/film cameras, lenses and accessories), precision equipment (IC/LCD steppers and scanners), sport optics (Binoculars, telescopes and laser rangefinders), instrument products (Microscopes and measuring instruments), and ophthalmic lenses (Single vision and progressive addition lenses) (Nikon, 2010). It has a capital of  ¥ 65,475 million as of March 31 2010, where the consolidated net sales were  ¥ 785,498 million as of March 31 2010 while unconsolidated net sales as of March 31 2010 were  ¥ 572,972 million (Nikon, 2010). The numbers of employees in the corporation are approximately 26,125 as of March 31 2010 where the number is not inclusive of employees in subsidiary and associated companies. The company also has five main plants that include the Ohi plant, Yokohama Plant, Sagamihara Plant, Kumagaya Plant, and Mito Plant (Reynolds, p.23). The company has developed products of quality throughout the years where the core technology center, the research and development center and the production technology center are responsible for quality and innovation. Its imaging products (72.5%) contribute to a huge proportion of the sales followed by precision equipment (19.1%), instruments (5.7%) and others (2.7%) respectively (Nikon, 2010). The Nikon philosophy is Trustworthiness and Creativity that presents the unchanging principles that the company are dedicated to. The aspirations include Meeting needs and exceeding expectations where the company does not just stop at meeting the customer needs but also providing the customer with new products of value that exceed expectations; aiming at sustained growth through continuous development of all products; maximizing on the understanding and knowledge on light to produce products that transform and lead the markets currently and in future; and maintaining high integrity so as to contribute to the prosperity of the society (Nikon, 2010). The commitments of Nikon are being firstly being pro active i.e. Be broad-minded and well-informed in order to act quickly and resolutely Second seeking new knowledge i.e. Pioneer new potential through self-study and insatiable curiosity thirdly is effective communication i.e. Harmonize diverse skills by thinking out of the box and communicating effectively with others and last but not least displaying integrity i.e. Work with diligence and sincerity as a responsible individual (Nikon, 2010). The goal is Transforming imagination into creativity (Nikon, 2010). This paper critically examines the Nikon Corporation its history products, markets, goals and philosophy. It continues to scrutinize the company by performing a Strength Weakness Opportunities Threats Analysis which is crucial in matching the companys resources and capacity to the competition it faces in its operating environment; and a 4 P Product Services Pricing Promotion and Placement Mix analysis. It elaborates the position the corporation stands in the market and current and future opportunities that the company has in terms of growth and sustainability. Strength Weakness Opportunities Threats Analysis Nikon has been well placed in the markets in the markets and this gives the company a competitive advantage (Armstrong, p.34). This involves an environmental scan where the internal and external analysis is carried out. The Strengths The patent rights of the brand are high Nikon boasts of a global established brand that sells globally and is demanded by so many customers. The Nikon products are renowned throughout the world and thus give the company a strong basis to establish itself over it competitors and any new entrant in to the markets (Tarcy Et al p.47). This is seen as strength in that the brands are preferred by customers thus more sales are made and hence more revenues to the company. When the patent right is high the company has a lot of goodwill with the company and thus becomes the favorite and hence controls a larger share in the market. High technology in the production of products; Nikon has a reliable brand that is based on high level technological supremacy and resource and development. This has been established by the company since its inception where the products developed suit the market and become leaders in the market because of their level of technology (Nikon, 2010). The company has continued to phase out the products that are out of technology and introduced competitive products in the market that make life convenient and more comfortable. The company has invested a lot in resource and development and alliance, and industrial knowledge so as to keep on producing basic technological products that control the market. The Nikons starring technology is developed in the optics, image processing, materials, precision measurement and manufacturing, software and system technologies. The technology has continued to be unique and superior which offers better performance and functionality. Such technology include Super-Resolution in Non-Linear Optical Lithography, High-Precision Thin films, Ultra-Precision Molds, Image Processing Algorithms, Lead-Free Electronics Technology, Nano Particle Coating, Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs), Computer Aided Engineering (CAE), Vibration-Reduction (VR) and Predictive Focus Tracking System (Nikon, 2010). Quality has also been a strong point for Nikon in that the products produced have always been regarded for their high quality in the market. This makes Nikon products have a competitive advantage over its competitors. The diversification of the products that the company has is also a very strong strategy to remain in business (Tarcy Et al. p.52). This is the case because the company does not rely on a single product to get its revenues thus diversify the risks in the markets. The company has diversified to produce products like microscopes, measurement instruments, binoculars, cameras, and steppers that it has continued to dominate the market and contribute to the companys revenue. Nikon continues to boast of a very wide distribution network. The global dominance in the five regions which are the Americas, Europe, Asia, Oceania, Middle East, and Africa gives it a competitive advantage over those with ineffective distribution mechanisms (Nikon, 2010). Even in each region there is specialty in the products that are more preferred by the customers hence more sales. There is also presence of subsidiaries and affiliate companies that make the products available to the customers easily and in time. The effective distribution network enables the company to study the dynamics of the market in time and respond quickly before the markets are dominated by other competitors. The global presence is strength due to balancing of the currencies where the company can absorb shock from depreciation of currencies in areas that they are operating in (Tarcy Et al. p.71). The global presence can also be important in that when products are not moving in one region they can be transferred to other regions that require the products and thus promote business. Nikon has global and regional presence that enables the company to study the dynamics of each region and apply the best strategy. It is also possible to shift the products to other markets when they are bought at a slower rate in other regions thus save on production. Nikon has also invested a huge amount of finances in its business; the capital of  ¥ 65,475 million invested by the company is a way to lock out investors that cannot raise such an amount hence helps it in dominating the markets. The Nikon D1H camera is known for its solid build where the handling and the ergonomics is very efficient with a strong and fast autofocus. It is also weatherproof and is very fast since it as the 5 fps. It also produces large images that are approximately 40 jpeg fine (Nikon, 2010). Weakness Nikon has a poor marketing strategy where promotion of products has been low and the products have not been known to many consumers. The marketing systems have been reluctant and not aggressive enough to make the products known in all regions. The production of the Nikon scan scanner software that was faulty was a major weakness to detest its products in the market. The Nikon Scan has remained redundant in the number of images it determines in that it only determines 99 images and stops working (Nikon, 2010). For images above 100 the scanner must be restarted to continue its function. This is a very crucial part in that the customer can judge the products quality through one product and lead to rejection of the rest. The scanner software did not also have proper calibration procedures even after the purchase of an IT-8 Target. The Nikon NiMh camera batteries are not user friendly also they are heavy and big while they are sold expensively at shops (Nikon, 2010). They are also bad since they need recharge or be replaced once the camera is put in use for a shorter time than other cameras. There is a global phobia where people detest products from Japan and China and see then as counterfeits or of low quality. Products from these countries may have low sales due to such phenomenon and the company must be able to fight this negative attitude of the products it produces. Opportunities The digital world has numerous chances that have not been exploited the customers are yet to be fulfilled (Bà ¶hm, p.23). Customers still yearn for better digital products as they are produced. Any company that deals in technology has opportunities to control the market share through unique products or products that are user friendly and technologically advanced. In cameras manufacturing better products gives the company a chance to remain competitive. In view of the fact that Nikon has invested heavily in resource and development then it stands a chance to better opportunities. Trade is being liberalized in many regions and thus there are possibilities of governments loosening regulations of operations. This will be instrumental in allowing further development of the company to such countries where it is not yet penetrated (Ferrell, Hartline, p.35). Nikon has the capability to expand its production processes to other countries where there is distribution is done from exports. This will be easier and cheaper to reduce costs of production since the products are will be produced locally hence extra costs are eliminated (Bà ¶hm, p.48). Nikon may prefer mergers with companies like Sony so as to be much effective and build an empire that will control a large market share. a vertical merger will be more effective where the companies do not loose their identity but merge as a necessity to better their business objectives. Threats Nikon faces stiff competition from other globally renowned companies such as Sony, Olympus, Panasonic, Fujifilm, Canon, Kodak, Casio, and Pentax that all deal with the similar products. Such companies pose a threat of controlling the market share that Nikon holds. There is also the threat that the customers may shift their taste and prefer other companys products due to better marketing techniques applied by the other companies. New regulations may appear in different regions that may affect the companys operations in view of the fact that they may be unfavorable or strict. These regulations may include trade regulations that may be a barrier to efficient trade. In the Middle East peace has not been brokered by the warring parties and this political stand off will be a threat to business in the region. 4P strategy The Product Services, Pricing, Promotion, and Placement (Distribution) analysis of Nikon Corporation will be effective in establishing the companys position in the market and the opportunities that may be available for sustainable growth (Ferrell, Hartline, p.39). This gives a customer oriented approach that ensures that the business ventures into the market in a way that it will meet all the customers demands and expectations. The 4P marketing strategy is also known as the SIVA strategy which is translated as the Solution (product), Information (Promotion), Value (Price), and Access (Place) (Ferrell, Hartline, p.39). Product Nikon deals with a range of products that are aimed at maximizing customer satisfaction. The products include imaging products such as the Digital/film cameras, lenses and accessories; precision equipment such as IC/LCD steppers and scanners; sport optics such as the Binoculars, telescopes and laser rangefinders; instrument products such as the Microscopes and measuring instruments; and ophthalmic lenses such as the Single vision and progressive addition lenses. The imaging products are specifically the digital SLR Cameras, Digital compact cameras, speed-lights, software, film scanners, film SLR cameras, and Nikkor lenses. The microscopes include the biological, digital, industrial, stereoscopic and multi-purpose zoom. The precision equipment includes the IC stepper and scanner and the LCD stepper and scanners in different series (Nikon, 2010). The packaging is attractive with different colors and the Nikon brand name on them with each product packed with a user manual so as to enable the user steps of operation. The packaging is also ensured to shock proof to protect the products from any falling or mishandling. A return form is also placed in the packaging that bears the name and address of the company. The company logo is also encrypted in all products. It bears the words handle with care that cautions any person handling them that they are delicate and prone to damage. The customers are also assured of a warranty for every product they buy that is from authorized distributors. Pricing Each product has a specific price and the prices vary in every region and according to the specifications. The price for Digital SLR Cameras is $7,999.95; NIKKOR 50mm f/1.4 is $469.95, AF-S Teleconverter TC-20E III is $499.95; AF DC-NIKKOR 105mm f/2D is $1,199.95, and COOLPIX S640 is $219.95 (Nikon, 2010). The LS-9000 Nikon scanner is sold at $2799.99; while SB-400 Speed-light unit is sold at $149.99; SB-600 Speed-light unit is sold at $249.99; and SB-900 Speed-light unit is sold at $349.99 (Nikon, 2010). Compared to the competitors prices Nikons prices are averagely similar in the markets thus leaving the customer to choose the best product that suits them. Promotion This includes the Advertising, Professional Selling, Sales Promotion, and Publicity of the products by the company (Ferrell, Hartline, p.57). Nikon Corporation in June 2003 dissolved the Nikon sales promotion Co. ltd in view of the fact that it was not affecting its mandates to the corporation. Its mandate was shifted to Nikon Corporation business units that would effectively carryout the marketing and advertising. Nikon has also implemented the CSR strategy that includes several promotional strategies which include the education and awareness, surveying and monitoring, preventions of violations, and a consultative reporting system. The education strategy seeks to educate the employees in the corporation to create a favorable workplace environment through this promotion strategy the employees are able to promote the company to the public. The company also conducts awareness surveys that help gauge the products place in the market this helps promotion in laying the right procedure to advertise the products that have low sales. Nikon also promotes the products through print and advertising. It also holds photo exhibitions like the Photokina that helps in showcasing all the recent products by the company. Photo shootouts are also organized where customers are able to try out the new products and know their operations, availability and prices. Billboards are also used to advertise the products so as to reach the customer more efficiently. Taxi branding where taxis are branded with the company logo and products to promote the products is done globally. Nikon has also been involved in supporting sports such as formula one and advertised during the events (Nikon, 2010). Placement (distribution) Nikon is present globally with all its products being traded world over. The market has been segmented into regions that enable ease of distribution of the products to the customers. There are six regions which are the Americas, Europe, Asia, Oceania, Middle East, and Africa (Nikon, 2010). In each region there are authorized distributors of the products where they are then further sub-divided into sub divisions that help penetrate the market effective and reach the customers in time. Conclusion The general life cycle of the products from Nikon starts from the receiving of raw materials, then to the material, component and product manufacture, then to transport, where it is then used by the customer after which it is then recycled or disposed. Nikon has developed a competitive advantage over other companies and has definitely benefited from the effective marketing strategy it has. Work Cited: Armstrong, Michael. Management Processes and Functions, London: CIPD, 1996 Bà ¶hm, Anja. The SWOT Analysis. Boston: GRIN Verlag, 2009 Tarcy, Brian,. Bradford, Robert and Duncan, Peter. Simplified Strategic Planning: A No-Nonsense Guide For Busy People Who Want Results Fast!. New York: Chandler House Press, 2000 Ferrell, Olive C. Hartline, Michael D. Marketing Strategy. Ed.4, New York: Cengage Learning, 2008 Nikon. Nikon Corp, 2010. http://www.nikon.com/ November 27, 2010 Nikon. Product Assessment, Nikon Corp, 2010. http://www.nikon.com/ November 27, 2010 Reynolds, Clyde. Nikon F Book. New York: Focal Press, 1977

Karl Marxs Estranged Labor Essay example -- essays research papers fc

Karl Marx's Estranged Labor In Karl Marx's early writing on "estranged labor" there is a clear and prevailing focus on the plight of the laborer. Marx's writing on estranged labor is an attempt to draw a stark distinction between property owners and workers. In the writing Marx argues that the worker becomes estranged from his labor because he is not the recipient of the product he creates. As a result labor is objectified, that is labor becomes the object of mans existence. As labor is objectified man becomes disillusioned and enslaved. Marx argues that man becomes to be viewed as a commodity worth only the labor he creates and man is further reduced to a subsisting animal void of any capacity of freedom except the will to labor. For Marx this all leads to the emergence of private property, the enemy of the proletariat. In fact Marx's writing on estranged labor is a repudiation of private property- a warning of how private property enslaves the worker. This writing on estranged labor is an obvious point of basis for Marx's Communist Manifesto. The purpose of this paper is to view Marx's concept of alienation (estranged labor) and how it limits freedom. For Marx man's freedom is relinquished or in fact wrested from his true nature once he becomes a laborer. This process is thoroughly explained throughout Estranged Labor. This study will reveal this process and argue it's validity. Appendant to this study on alienation there will be a micro-study which will attempt to ascertain Marx's view of freedom (i.e. positive or negative). The study on alienation in conjunction with the micro-study on Marx's view of freedom will help not only reveal why Marx feels labor limits mans freedom, but it will also identify exactly what kind of freedom is being limited. Karl Marx identifies estranged labor as labor alien to man. Marx explains the condition of estranged labor as the result of man participating in an institution alien to his nature. It is my interpretation that man is alienated from his labor because he is not the reaper of what he sows. Because he is never the recipient of his efforts the laborer lacks identity with what he creates. For Marx then labor is "alien to the worker...[and]...does not belong to his essential being." Marx identifies two expla... ...gative liberty. He states "...[private] property is...the right to enjoy ones fortune and dispose of it as one will; without regard for other men and independently of society." Private property for Marx is the mechanism by which man can be separate from other men and pursue his (negative) liberty. Marx's writings on estranged labor and in The Communist Manifesto are a clear repudiation of private property. What can be deduced then is that Marx does not favor negative liberties. Negative liberties require private property to exist and private property is for Marx the enslaver of the proletariat. With negative freedom eliminated from the discussion we are left with Positive or prescribed freedoms. Positive freedom, as was identified above, is the freedom to pursue specified options. That is, freedom to do certain things. Man is not necessarily given a choice of what these options are, he is simply free to pursue them whatever they may be. Positive freedoms then are the freedoms Marx likely wishes to uphold by denouncing estranged labor.Bibliography Bibliography 1Marx, Karl, The Early Marx, 2Marx, Karl and Engles, Freidrich, The Communist Manifesto, London, England, 1888

Capital Punishment Essay

The world is full of mysterious answers to questions: Why does the sun rise? Is there a higher power somewhere? These questions can be answered one of two ways; either through knowledge or belief. The accuracy of these answers, however, can vary greatly depending on which method of knowing is used. Belief, for example, is the least accurate option of the two. Belief is personal. Different individuals may have different beliefs on the same matter. People tend to have different beliefs depending on their way of thinking, which in turn depends on the person’s upbringing, education, knowledge, etc. Knowledge however is something universal; there are no different views factored into knowledge. It is something that is void of any emotions or personal beliefs. When it comes to capital punishment, the answer for whether or not governments should be allowed to execute criminals is an answer based on belief. Some people may believe that capital punishment is wrong while some may believe that it is just. No one knows for sure whether or not it’s right or wrong to execute criminals. Some faith groups, such as the Roman Catholic Church, oppose the death penalty as not being â€Å"pro-life. Catholic Cardinal McCarrick, Archbishop of Washington, writes â€Å"†¦ the death penalty diminishes all of us, increases disrespect for human life, and offers the tragic illusion that we can teach that killing is wrong by killing. † This quotation is based off of reason. It shows the side of the debate that views executing criminals as wrong. After all, if we kill someone to teach that killing is wrong, doesn’t that make us just as bad? â€Å"If a civilized society cannot say why one man should be executed and another not,† stated Justice Matthew Tobriner, â€Å"it does not rationally, logically take life. Instead, it grossly denies due process of law, inflicting death on the basis of a trial that is capricious, discriminatory and guess-infected. † For example, wrongly convicted, innocent people have received death penalty sentences and were killed by the state. People are accused of crimes they didn’t commit frequently. How can the state be sure of whether or not the person whose life they’re taking is actually doing justice, or just murdering an innocent person? This is based on reason. Arguing for capital punishment, the Clark County, Indiana Prosecuting Attorney writes that â€Å"†¦ there are some defendants who have earned the ultimate punishment our society has to offer by committing murder with aggravating circumstances present. I believe life is sacred. It cheapens the life of an innocent murder victim to say that society has no right to keep the murderer from ever killing again. In my view, society has not only the right, but the duty to act in self defense to protect the innocent. † Some crimes are so horrific that some people think that revenge or retribution is the only option. This reasoning is not based on logic; but rather, it is based on emotions. Therefore, this reason should not be deemed a valid justification. It is commonly believed that the punishment of a crime should equal the crime. This is also known as â€Å"an eye for eye† justice. Therefore using this reason, the appropriate punishment for murder is death. Frank Carrington states, â€Å"is there any way one can tell whether the death penalty deters murders from killing? There is no way one can tell whether the death  penalty deters murderers from killing. The argument goes on that proponents of capital punishments should not have to bear the burden of proving deterrence by a  reasonable doubt. Nor should the abolitionist have to prove deterrence by a reasonable doubt -neither side would be able to anyway. † He also claims common sense supports the inference that if, the threat of the death penalty decreases, the rate of murders increases than it may be true. But  if the threat had increased, the homicide rate may decrease. This statement means that capital punishment may serve as an example to would-be criminals, to deter them from committing murder or terrorist acts. In conclusion, I find the arguments against capital punishment the most convincing. All of the inferences made in the argument against the death penalty have been based on reason or perception. An argument pro death penalty was based on emotion and has convinced me that the death penalty is in large part, a way of getting even. The â€Å"eye for an eye† analogy supports this. Previously, I was for capital punishment, but due to the evidence and the knowledge and not belief, that support the claims, I am against capital punishment. Word Count = 765